Deploy an Enterprise HTAP Deployment with MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore 5.5, MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5, and MariaDB MaxScale 2.5 on SLES 15

SELinux (RHEL/CentOS/SLES)

SELinux must be set to permissive mode before installing MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore.

1. Set SELinux to permissive mode by setting SELINUX=permissive in /etc/selinux/config.

   For example, the file will usually look like this after the change:

   # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
   # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
   #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
   #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
   #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
   SELINUX=permissive
   # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
   #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
   #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
   #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
   SELINUXTYPE=targeted
   

2. Reboot the system.

3. Confirm that SELinux is in permissive mode using getenforce:

   $ sudo getenforce
   Permissive
   

AppArmor (Debian/Ubuntu/SLES)

AppArmor must be disabled before installing MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore.

1. Disable AppArmor:

   $ sudo systemctl disable apparmor
   

2. Reboot the system.

3. Confirm that no AppArmor profiles are loaded using aa-status:

   $ sudo aa-status
   

   Example output:

   apparmor module is loaded.
   0 profiles are loaded.
   0 profiles are in enforce mode.
   0 profiles are in complain mode.
   0 processes have profiles defined.
   0 processes are in enforce mode.
   0 processes are in complain mode.
   0 processes are unconfined but have a profile defined.
   

Create an S3 Bucket

If you want to use S3-compatible storage, it is important to create the S3 bucket before you start ColumnStore.

If you already have an S3 bucket, confirm that the bucket is empty.

We will configure Enterprise ColumnStore to use the S3 bucket later in the Configure the S3 Storage Manager section.

Install Enterprise ColumnStore via ZYpp (SLES)

1. Retrieve your Customer Download Token at https://customers.mariadb.com/downloads/token/ and substitute for customer_download_token in the following directions.

2. Configure the ZYpp package repository.

   MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore 5.5 is available on MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5.

   To configure ZYpp package repositories:

   $ sudo zypper install wget
   
   $ wget https://dlm.mariadb.com/enterprise-release-helpers/mariadb_es_repo_setup
   
   $ echo "bf67a231c477fba0060996a83b197c29617b6193e1167f6f062216ae13c716c7  mariadb_es_repo_setup" \
       | sha256sum -c -
   
   $ chmod +x mariadb_es_repo_setup
   
   $ sudo ./mariadb_es_repo_setup --token="customer_download_token" --apply \
      --mariadb-server-version="10.5"
   

3. Install some additional dependencies for Enterprise ColumnStore:

   $ sudo zypper install jemalloc
   

4. Install MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore and package dependencies:

   $ sudo zypper install MariaDB-server MariaDB-backup \
      MariaDB-shared MariaDB-client \
      MariaDB-columnstore-engine
   

5. Configure MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore.

   Installation only loads MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore to the system. MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore requires configuration and additional post-installation steps before the database server is ready for use.

Enterprise Server Configuration

MariaDB Enterprise Server can be configured in the following ways:

• System variables and options can be set in a configuration file (such as /etc/my.cnf). MariaDB Enterprise Server must be restarted to apply changes made to the configuration file.

• System variables and options can be set on the command-line.

• If a system variable supports dynamic changes, then it can be set on-the-fly using the SET statement.

Configuration Files

MariaDB's packages include several bundled configuration files. It is also possible to create custom configuration files.

On RHEL, CentOS, and SLES, MariaDB's packages bundle the following configuration files:

• /etc/my.cnf

• /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

• /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-enterprise.cnf

• /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

• /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

And on RHEL, CentOS, and SLES, custom configuration files from the following directories are read by default:

• /etc/my.cnf.d/

Configuring MariaDB for Enterprise ColumnStore

1. Determine which system variables and options you need to configure.

   Mandatory system variables and options for HTAP include:

   System Variable/Option	Description
   character_set_server	Set this system variable to utf8
   collation_server	Set this system variable to utf8_general_ci
   columnstore_use_import_for_batchinsert	Set this system variable to ALWAYS to always use cpimport for LOAD DATA INFILE and INSERT...SELECT statements.
   server_id	Sets the numeric Server ID for this MariaDB Enterprise Server. Must be unique in the deployment.
   log_bin	Set this option to enable the Binary Log.
   binlog_format	Set this to STATEMENT for HTAP.
   log_slave_updates	Set this to OFF for HTAP.
   replicate_same_server_id	Set this to ON for HTAP.

   Useful system variables and options for MariaDB Enterprise Server include:

   System Variable/Option	Description
   innodb_buffer_pool_size	Defines the amount of memory InnoDB reserves for the Buffer Pool. Set to no more than 16% of total memory on Servers that also run MariaDB ColumnStore.

   Useful system variables and options for HTAP include:

   System Variable/Option	Description
   relay_log	Sets the location for the Relay Log

2. Choose a configuration file in which to configure your system variables and options.

   We recommend not making custom changes to one of the bundled configuration files. Instead, create a custom configuration file in one of the included directories. Configuration files in included directories are read in alphabetical order. If you want your custom configuration file to override the bundled configuration files, it is a good idea to prefix the custom configuration file's name with a string that will be sorted last, such as z-.

   • On RHEL, CentOS, and SLES, a good custom configuration file would be: /etc/my.cnf.d/z-custom-my.cnf

3. Set your system variables and options in the configuration file.

   They need to be set in a group that will be read by mariadbd, such as [mariadb] or [server].

   For example:

   [mariadb]
   log_error                              = mariadbd.err
   character_set_server                   = utf8
   collation_server                       = utf8_general_ci
   columnstore_use_import_for_batchinsert = ALWAYS
   
   # Replication Configuration (HTAP Server)
   server_id = 1
   log_bin=mariadb-bin
   binlog_format = STATEMENT
   log_slave_updates = OFF
   columnstore_replication_slave = ON
   
   # HTAP filtering rules
   
   # 1. The transactions are being
   #  replicated from itself
   replicate_same_server_id = ON
   

Configure Cross Engine Joins

When a cross engine join is executed, the ExeMgr process connects to the server using the root user with no password by default. MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5 will reject this login attempt by default. If you plan to use Cross Engine Joins, you need to configure Enterprise ColumnStore to use a different user account and password. These directions are for configuring the cross engine join user. Directions for creating the cross engine join user are in the Create the Cross Engine Join User section.

To configure cross engine joins, perform the following steps, use the mcsSetConfig command.

For example, to configure Enterprise ColumnStore to use the cross_engine user account to connect to the server at 127.0.0.1:

$ sudo mcsSetConfig CrossEngineSupport Host 127.0.0.1
$ sudo mcsSetConfig CrossEngineSupport Port 3306
$ sudo mcsSetConfig CrossEngineSupport User cross_engine
$ sudo mcsSetConfig CrossEngineSupport Password cross_engine_passwd

Configure the S3 Storage Manager

MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore can use S3-compatible storage, but it is not required. S3-compatible storage must be configured before it can be used.

To configure Enterprise ColumnStore to use S3-compatible storage, edit /etc/columnstore/storagemanager.cnf:

[ObjectStorage]
…
service = S3
…
[S3]
bucket = your_columnstore_bucket_name
endpoint = your_s3_endpoint
aws_access_key_id = your_s3_access_key_id
aws_secret_access_key = your_s3_secret_key
# iam_role_name = your_iam_role
# sts_region = your_sts_region
# sts_endpoint = your_sts_endpoint

[Cache]
cache_size = your_local_cache_size
path = your_local_cache_path

• The default local cache size is 2 GB.

• The default local cache path is /var/lib/columnstore/storagemanager/cache.

• Ensure that the local cache path has sufficient store space to store the local cache.

• The bucket option must be set to the name of the bucket that you created in the Create an S3 Bucket step.

• To use an IAM role, you must also uncomment and set iam_role_name, sts_region, and sts_endpoint.

Start the Enterprise ColumnStore Processes

The Enterprise Server and Enterprise ColumnStore processes can be started using the systemctl command. In case the processes were started during the installation process, use the restart command to ensure that the processes pick up the new configuration. Perform the following procedure.

1. Start the MariaDB Enterprise Server process and configure it to start automatically:

   $ sudo systemctl restart mariadb
   $ sudo systemctl enable mariadb
   

2. Start the MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore processes and configure them to start automatically:

   $ sudo systemctl restart mariadb-columnstore
   $ sudo systemctl enable mariadb-columnstore
   

Create the Cross Engine Join User

The credentials for cross engine joins were previously configured in the Cross Engine Joins section. The user account must also be created and granted the necessary privileges to access data.

1. Connect to the server using MariaDB Client using the root@localhost user account:

   $ sudo mariadb
   

2. Create the user account with the CREATE USER statement:

   CREATE USER 'cross_engine'@'127.0.0.1'
      IDENTIFIED BY "cross_engine_passwd";
   
   CREATE USER 'cross_engine'@'localhost'
      IDENTIFIED BY "cross_engine_passwd";
   

   Note

   Please choose the same user name and password that was configured in the Cross Engine Joins section.

3. Grant the user account SELECT privileges on all databases with the GRANT statement:

   GRANT SELECT ON *.*
      TO 'cross_engine'@'127.0.0.1';
   
   GRANT SELECT ON *.*
      TO 'cross_engine'@'localhost';
   

Create the Client Router User

1. Connect to each back-end MariaDB server using MariaDB Client using the root@localhost user account:

   $ sudo mariadb
   

2. Create the user account used by the monitor and the router using the CREATE USER statement. Make sure that the user account can connect from the MaxScale instance's IP address:

   CREATE USER 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1'
      IDENTIFIED BY 'max_passwd';
   

   Note

   Please choose a password that meets your organization's password policies. If your MariaDB Enterprise Server instance has a password validation plugin installed, then the password should also meet the configured requirements.

   By default, MariaDB Enterprise Server installs the simple_password_check plugin. Its requirements are configured by the simple_password_check_digits, simple_password_check_letters_same_case, simple_password_check_minimal_length, and simple_password_check_other_characters system variables.

3. Grant the required privileges to the user account used by the monitor and the router using the GRANT statement.

   For the Read Connection Router (readconnroute), the global SHOW DATABASES privilege and the SELECT privilege on several of the system's privilege tables are required:

   GRANT SHOW DATABASES ON *.*
        TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.columns_priv
        TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db
        TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.proxies_priv
        TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.roles_mapping
        TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.tables_priv
        TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.user
        TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   

   For MariaDB Monitor (mariadbmon), the required permissions depend on the version of MariaDB Enterprise Server that is being used.

   In ES10.5.8-5 and later, the following privileges are required:

   GRANT BINLOG ADMIN,
      READ_ONLY ADMIN,
      RELOAD,
      REPLICA MONITOR,
      REPLICATION MASTER ADMIN,
      REPLICATION REPLICA ADMIN,
      REPLICATION REPLICA,
      SHOW DATABASES
      ON *.*
      TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   

   In ES10.5.6-4 and before, the following privileges are required:

   GRANT BINLOG ADMIN,
      READ_ONLY ADMIN,
      RELOAD,
      REPLICATION MASTER ADMIN,
      REPLICATION REPLICA ADMIN,
      REPLICATION REPLICA,
      SHOW DATABASES
      ON *.*
      TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   

   In ES10.4 and before, the following privileges are required:

   GRANT SUPER,
      REPLICATION CLIENT,
      RELOAD,
      PROCESS,
      SHOW DATABASES,
      EVENT
      ON *.*
      TO 'maxscale'@'192.0.2.1';
   

Create the Replication Router User

1. Connect to the server using MariaDB Client using the root@localhost user account:

   $ sudo mariadb
   

2. Create the user account used by the monitor and the router using the CREATE USER statement. Make sure that the user account can connect from the MaxScale instance's IP address:

   CREATE USER 'repl'@'%'
      IDENTIFIED BY 'repl_passwd';
   

   Note

   Please choose a password that meets your organization's password policies. If your MariaDB Enterprise Server instance has a password validation plugin installed, then the password should also meet the configured requirements.

   By default, MariaDB Enterprise Server installs the simple_password_check plugin. Its requirements are configured by the simple_password_check_digits, simple_password_check_letters_same_case, simple_password_check_minimal_length, and simple_password_check_other_characters system variables.

3. Grant the required privileges to the user account used by the monitor and the router using the GRANT statement.

   For the Read Connection Router (readconnroute), the global SHOW DATABASES privilege and the SELECT privilege on several of the system's privilege tables are required:

   GRANT SHOW DATABASES ON *.*
        TO 'repl'@'%';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.columns_priv
        TO 'repl'@'%';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db
        TO 'repl'@'%';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.proxies_priv
        TO 'repl'@'%';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.roles_mapping
        TO 'repl'@'%';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.tables_priv
        TO 'repl'@'%';
   GRANT SELECT ON mysql.user
        TO 'repl'@'%';
   

   For MariaDB Monitor (mariadbmon), the required permissions depend on the version of MariaDB Enterprise Server that is being used.

   In ES10.5.8-5 and later, the following privileges are required:

   GRANT REPLICATION REPLICA ADMIN,
      REPLICATION REPLICA,
      REPLICA MONITOR,
      REPLICATION MASTER ADMIN
      ON *.*
      TO 'repl'@'%';
   

   In ES10.5.6-4 and before, the following privileges are required:

   GRANT REPLICATION REPLICA ADMIN,
      REPLICATION REPLICA,
      BINLOG MONITOR,
      REPLICATION MASTER ADMIN
      ON *.*
      TO 'repl'@'%';
   

   In ES10.4 and before, the following privileges are required:

   GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,
      REPLICATION CLIENT
      ON *.*
      TO 'repl'@'%';
   

Install MaxScale via ZYpp (SLES)

On the MaxScale instance, perform the following steps to install MaxScale.

1. Retrieve your Customer Download Token at https://customers.mariadb.com/downloads/token/ and substitute for customer_download_token in the following directions.

2. Configure the ZYpp package repository.

   Enterprise ColumnStore 5.5 requires MaxScale 2.5. Pass the version to install using the --mariadb-maxscale-version flag to the mariadb_es_repo_setup script.

   To configure ZYpp package repositories:

   $ sudo zypper install wget
   
   $ wget https://dlm.mariadb.com/enterprise-release-helpers/mariadb_es_repo_setup
   
   $ echo "bf67a231c477fba0060996a83b197c29617b6193e1167f6f062216ae13c716c7  mariadb_es_repo_setup" \
       | sha256sum -c -
   
   $ chmod +x mariadb_es_repo_setup
   
   $ sudo ./mariadb_es_repo_setup --token="customer_download_token" --apply \
      --mariadb-maxscale-version="2.5"
   

3. Install MariaDB MaxScale and package dependencies:

   $ sudo zypper install maxscale
   

4. Configure MaxScale.

   Installation only loads MariaDB MaxScale to the system. MariaDB MaxScale requires configuration before MaxScale is ready for use.

Configure Global Parameters

1. Determine which global parameters you need to configure.

   Useful global parameters for MariaDB MaxScale:

   Parameter	Description
   local_address	Sets the local IP address or network interface to use when connecting to MariaDB Enterprise Servers.
   admin_enabled	Sets whether the MaxScale Instance supports the REST API. Disable to block access.
   admin_host	Sets the network interface used by the REST API.
   admin_port	Sets the port used by the REST API.
   admin_auth	Sets whether the REST API uses HTTP Basic Access authentication. Users can be created wih maxctrl.

2. Set your global parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   MariaDB MaxScale's global parameters, which apply to the whole instance, are set in the [maxscale] configuration group:

   For example:

   [maxscale]
   admin_auth    = true
   

Configure Servers

1. Determine which server parameters you need to configure.

   Mandatory parameters for Server objects:

   Parameter	Description
   type	Set the module type to server.
   address	Set the IP address for the MariaDB Enterprise Server.
   port	Set the port the MariaDB Enterprise Server listens on.
   protocol	Set the protocol to MariaDBBackend to connect the Server.

2. Set your server parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   For each Server in your deployment, add a new uniquely-named configuration group to the MaxScale Instance. The name of the configuration group is arbitrary, but it cannot contain any white space. Use whatever terms you find most convenient, but it is most common to use names like serverN or the server's host name.

   For example:

   [server1]
   type     = server
   address  = 192.0.2.2
   port     = 3306
   protocol = MariaDBBackend
   

Configuring MariaDB Monitor

1. Determine which parameters for MariaDB Monitor (mariadbmon) you need to configure.

   Mandatory parameters for MariaDB Monitor (mariadbmon):

   Parameter	Description
   type	Set the type to monitor.
   module	Set to mariadbmon for MariaDB Replication.
   servers	Set to a comma-separated list of the Server object names.
   user	Set to the user MariaDB MaxScale uses to connect to the Servers.
   password	Set to the password MariaDB MaxScale uses to authenticate on the Servers.

2. Set your MariaDB Monitor parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   Add a new uniquely-named configuration group for the monitor to the MaxScale Instance. The name of the configuration group is arbitrary, but it cannot contain any white space. Use whatever terms you find most convenient, but it is most common to use names like repl-monitor.

   For example:

   [repl-monitor]
   type             = monitor
   module           = mariadbmon
   servers          = server1
   monitor_interval = 1000ms
   user             = repl
   password         = repl_passwd
   

Configure the Binlog Filter

1. Determine which parameters for Binlog Filter (binlogfilter) you need to configure.

   Commonly used parameters for Binlog Filter (binlogfilter):

   Parameter	Description
   type	Set the module type to filter to indicate filter configuration.
   module	Use the binlogfilter module.
   match	Regular Expression indicating the tables you want to replicate. In the example, the orders table replicates.
   rewrite_src	Regular Expression indicating the database you want to replicate data from.
   rewrite_dest	Replacement string for the database the filter replicates into.

2. Set your Binlog Filter parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   Add a new uniquely-named configuration group for the filter to the MaxScale Instance. The name of the configuration group is arbitrary, but it cannot contain any white space. Use whatever terms you find most convenient, but it is most common to use names like repl-filter.

   For example:

   [repl-filter]
   type         = filter
   module       = binlogfilter
   match        = /[.]orders/
   rewrite_src  = innodb
   rewrite_dest = columnstore
   

   In the example configuration, the Binary Log Filter would replicate writes to the innodb_schema.orders table into the columnstore_schema.orders table.

Configure Read Connection Router for Replication

1. Determine which parameters for Read Connection Router (readconnroute) you need to configure for the router handling replication.

   Mandatory parameters for Read Connection Router (readconnroute):

   Parameter	Description
   type	Set the module type as service.
   router	Use to set the type of router you want to use for the service. For the Read Connection Router, set to readconnroute.
   servers	Set as a comma-separated list of the Server object names.
   user	Set the user you want the MaxScale Instance to use when connecting to Servers.
   password	Set the password you want the MaxScale Instance to use in authentication when connecting to Servers.
   filters	For the replication routing service, configure it to use the repl-filter as configured above.

2. Set your Read Connection Router parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   Add a new uniquely-named configuration group for the router to the MaxScale Instance. The name of the configuration group is arbitrary, but it cannot contain any white space. Use whatever terms you find most convenient, but it is most common to use names like repl-router.

   For example:

   [repl-router]
   type     = service
   router   = readconnroute
   servers  = server1
   user     = repl
   password = repl_passwd
   filters  = repl-filter
   

   In the example configuration, this router service is associated with the filter that we created in the previous section.

Configure the Replication Router's Listener

1. Determine which parameters for the listener you need to configure.

   Mandatory parameters for the listener:

   Parameter	Description
   type	Set the module type as a listener.
   service	Use this parameter to connect the listener to a configured routing service.
   protocol	Set this parameter to MariaDBClient to handle incoming client connections.
   port	Set this parameter to specify the port you want the MaxScale Instance to listen on.

2. Set your listener parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   Add a new uniquely-named configuration group for the listener to the MaxScale Instance. The name of the configuration group is arbitrary, but it cannot contain any white space. Use whatever terms you find most convenient, but it is most common to use names like repl-router-listener.

   For example:

   [repl-router-listener]
   type     = listener
   service  = repl-router
   protocol = MariaDBClient
   port     = 3309
   

Configure Read Connection Router for Clients

1. Determine which parameters for Read Connection Router (readconnroute) you need to configure for the router handling client connections.

   Mandatory parameters for Read Connection Router (readconnroute):

   Parameter	Description
   type	Set the module type as service.
   router	Use to set the type of router you want to use for the service. For the Read Connection Router, set to readconnroute.
   servers	Set as a comma-separated list of the Server object names.
   user	Set the user you want the MaxScale Instance to use when connecting to Servers.
   password	Set the password you want the MaxScale Instance to use in authentication when connecting to Servers.

2. Set your Read Connection Router parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   Add a new uniquely-named configuration group for the router to the MaxScale Instance. The name of the configuration group is arbitrary, but it cannot contain any white space. Use whatever terms you find most convenient, but it is most common to use names like connection-router.

   For example:

   [connection-router]
   type     = service
   router   = readconnroute
   servers  = server1
   user     = maxscale
   password = max_passwd
   

Configure the Client Router's Listener

1. Determine which parameters for the listener you need to configure.

   Mandatory parameters for the listener:

   Parameter	Description
   type	Set the module type as a listener.
   service	Use this parameter to connect the listener to a configured routing service.
   protocol	Set this parameter to MariaDBClient to handle incoming client connections.
   port	Set this parameter to specify the port you want the MaxScale Instance to listen on.

2. Set your listener parameters in maxscale.cnf.

   Add a new uniquely-named configuration group for the listener to the MaxScale Instance. The name of the configuration group is arbitrary, but it cannot contain any white space. Use whatever terms you find most convenient, but it is most common to use names like connection-router-listener.

   For example:

   [connection-router-listener]
   type     = listener
   service  = connection-router
   protocol = MariaDBClient
   port     = 3306
   

Start MaxScale

The MaxScale processes can be started using the systemctl command.

1. Start the service:

   $ sudo systemctl start maxscale
   

2. Configure the service to start automatically:

   $ sudo systemctl enable maxscale
   

Configure SELinux (RHEL/CentOS/SLES)

We set SELinux to permissive mode in the SELinux section, but we have to create an SELinux policy for Enterprise ColumnStore before re-enabling it. This will ensure that SELinux does not interfere with Enterprise ColumnStore's functionality. A policy can be generated while SELinux is still in permissive mode using the audit2allow command.

1. To configure SELinux, you have to install the packages required for audit2allow.

   On SLES, install the following:

   $ sudo zypper install policycoreutils python3-policycoreutils
   

2. Allow the system to run under load for a while to generate SELinux audit events.

3. After the system has taken some load, generate an SELinux policy from the audit events using audit2allow:

   $ sudo grep mysqld /var/log/audit/audit.log | audit2allow -M mariadb_local
   

   If no audit events were found, this will print the following:

   $ sudo grep mysqld /var/log/audit/audit.log | audit2allow -M mariadb_local
   Nothing to do
   

4. If audit events were found, the new SELinux policy can be loaded using semodule:

   $ sudo semodule -i mariadb_local.pp
   

5. Set SELinux to enforcing mode by setting SELINUX=enforcing in /etc/selinux/config:

   # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
   # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
   #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
   #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
   #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
   SELINUX=enforcing
   # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
   #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
   #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
   #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
   SELINUXTYPE=targeted
   

6. Reboot the system.

7. Confirm that SELinux is in enforcing mode using getenforce:

   $ sudo getenforce
   

Configure AppArmor (Debian/Ubuntu/SLES)

We disabled AppArmor in the AppArmor section, but we have to create an AppArmor profile for Enterprise ColumnStore before re-enabling it. This will ensure that AppArmor does not interfere with Enterprise ColumnStore's functionality.

For information on how to create a profile, see How to create an AppArmor Profile on ubuntu.com.

Enterprise Server Administration

MariaDB Enterprise Server uses systemctl to start and stop the server processes:

Enterprise ColumnStore Administration

MariaDB Enterprise ColumnStore uses systemctl to start and stop the ColumnStore processes:

MaxScale Administration

MariaDB MaxScale uses systemctl to start and stop the MaxScale process:

Checking MaxScale Status

1. Check that MaxScale is running properly by using the MaxCtrl utility:

   $ sudo maxctrl show maxscale
   
   ┌──────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
   │ Version      │ 2.5.10                                                               │
   ├──────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
   │ Commit       │ 61b8bbf7f63c38ca9c408674e66f3627a0b2192e                             │
   ├──────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
   │ Started At   │ Fri, 03 Jan 2020 18:05:18 GMT                                        │
   ├──────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
   │ Activated At │ Fri, 03 Jan 2020 18:05:18 GMT                                        │
   ├──────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
   │ Uptime       │ 109                                                                  │
   ├──────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
   │ Parameters   │ {                                                                    │
   │              │     "libdir": "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/maxscale",                  │
   │              │     "datadir": "/var/lib/maxscale",                                  │
   │              │     "process_datadir": "/var/lib/maxscale/data3850",                 │
   │              │     "cachedir": "/var/cache/maxscale",                               │
   │              │     "configdir": "/etc",                                             │
   │              │     "config_persistdir": "/var/lib/maxscale/maxscale.cnf.d",         │
   │              │     "module_configdir": "/etc/maxscale.modules.d",                   │
   │              │     "piddir": "/var/run/maxscale",                                   │
   │              │     "logdir": "/var/log/maxscale",                                   │
   │              │     "langdir": "/var/lib/maxscale",                                  │
   │              │     "execdir": "/usr/bin",                                           │
   │              │     "connector_plugindir": "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mysql/plugin", │
   │              │     "threads": 1,                                                    │
   │              │     "thread_stack_size": 8388608,                                    │
   │              │     "writeq_high_water": 0,                                          │
   │              │     "writeq_low_water": 0,                                           │
   │              │     "auth_connect_timeout": 3,                                       │
   │              │     "auth_read_timeout": 1,                                          │
   │              │     "auth_write_timeout": 2,                                         │
   │              │     "skip_permission_checks": false,                                 │
   │              │     "admin_auth": true,                                              │
   │              │     "admin_enabled": true,                                           │
   │              │     "admin_log_auth_failures": true,                                 │
   │              │     "admin_host": "127.0.0.1",                                       │
   │              │     "admin_port": 8989,                                              │
   │              │     "admin_ssl_key": "",                                             │
   │              │     "admin_ssl_cert": "",                                            │
   │              │     "admin_ssl_ca_cert": "",                                         │
   │              │     "admin_pam_readwrite_service": "",                               │
   │              │     "admin_pam_readonly_service": "",                                │
   │              │     "passive": false,                                                │
   │              │     "query_classifier": "",                                          │
   │              │     "query_classifier_cache_size": 155008819,                        │
   │              │     "retain_last_statements": 0,                                     │
   │              │     "dump_last_statements": "never",                                 │
   │              │     "session_trace": 0,                                              │
   │              │     "load_persisted_configs": true,                                  │
   │              │     "max_auth_errors_until_block": 10                                │
   │              │ }                                                                    │
   └──────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
   

Listing MaxScale Services

1. List MaxScale's services by using the MaxCtrl utility to execute the list services command:

   $ sudo maxctrl list services
   
   ┌────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────────┬───────────────────┬─────────┐
   │ Service            │ Router        │ Connections │ Total Connections │ Servers │
   ├────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────────┼─────────┤
   │ connection-router  │ readconnroute │ 0           │ 5                 │ server1 │
   ├────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────────┼─────────┤
   │ repl-router        │ readconnroute │ 1           │ 4                 │ server1 │
   └────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────────┴─────────┘
   

Connecting to the Server

Connections to the HTAP deployment should route through port 3306 on the MaxScale Instance.

1. Connect to the server using MariaDB Client:

   $ mariadb -udb_user -p -h 192.0.2.1
   Password>
   Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MariaDB connection id is 38
   Server version: 10.5.9-6-MariaDB-Enterprise MariaDB Enterprise Server
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
   
   MariaDB [(none)]>
   

   Remember in managing users and privileges you need to duplicate CREATE USER and GRANT statements to include the MaxScale Instance host.

Checking Replication Status

In this HTAP deployment, MariaDB Enterprise Server uses MariaDB Replication through the Binary Log Router on the MaxScale Instance to replicate writes from an InnoDB table to a MariaDB ColumnStore table.

1. Connect to the server using MariaDB Client using the root@localhost user account:

   $ mariadb -udb_user -p -h 192.0.2.1
   Password>
   Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MariaDB connection id is 38
   Server version: 10.5.9-6-MariaDB-Enterprise MariaDB Enterprise Server
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
   
   MariaDB [(none)]>
   

2. Execute the SHOW SLAVE STATUS statement.

   This statement returns a lot of columns, but the important ones are Slave_IO_Running and Slave_SQL_Running. If both of those say Yes, then replication is running correctly.

   SHOW SLAVE STATUS;
   

Testing Replication

The HTAP deployment as configured replicates data from an innodb_schema.orders table to the columnstore_schema.orders table. To test replication, first create these tables on the Server:

1. Create the databases with the CREATE DATABASE statement:

   CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS columnstore_schema;
   CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS innodb_schema;
   

2. Create the tables with the CREATE TABLE statement:

   CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS columnstore_schema.orders (
      id INT,
      first_name VARCHAR(50),
      last_name VARCHAR(50),
      email VARCHAR(50),
      gender VARCHAR(50),
      ip_address VARCHAR(20)
   ) ENGINE=ColumnStore;
   
   CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS innodb_schema.orders (
      id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
      first_name VARCHAR(50),
      last_name VARCHAR(50),
      email VARCHAR(50),
      gender VARCHAR(50),
      ip_address VARCHAR(20)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB;
   

3. Insert some data into the InnoDB table with the INSERT statement:

   INSERT INTO innodb_schema.orders (first_name, last_name, email, gender, ip_address)
   VALUES
      ("Walker", "Percy", "w.percy@example.edu", "Male", "192.0.2.100"),
      ("Howard", "Lovecraft", "h.lovecraft@example.com", "Male", "192.0.2.29"),
      ("William", "Faulkner", "faulkner@example.com", "Male", "192.0.2.59"),
      ("Ernest", "Hemingway", "ernest.hemingway@example.edu", "Male", "192.0.2.15"),
      ("Scott", "Fitzgerald", "fsfitzgerald@example.edu", "Male", "192.0.2.9");
   

4. Confirm that the data was replicated to the ColumnStore table properly with the SELECT statement:

   SELECT * FROM columnstore_schema.orders;
   

   +----+------------+------------+------------------------------+----------+---------------+
   | id | first_name | last_name  | email                        | gender   | ip_address    |
   +----+------------+------------+------------------------------+----------+---------------+
   |  1 | Walker     | Percy      | w.percy@example.edu          | Male     | 192.0.2.100   |
   |  2 | Howard     | Lovecraft  | h.lovecraft@example.com      | Male     | 192.0.2.29    |
   |  3 | William    | Faulkner   | faulkner@example.com         | Male     | 192.0.2.59    |
   |  4 | Ernest     | Hemingway  | ernest.hemingway@example.edu | Male     | 192.0.2.15    |
   |  5 | Scott      | Fitzgerald | fsfitzgerald@example.edu     | Male     | 192.0.2.9     |
   +----+------------+------------+------------------------------+----------+---------------+
   

   The replica I/O thread running on the Server read changes in its own Binary Log through the replication router on MariaDB MaxScale, it then filtered the changes to the new schema name and applied them on the MariaDB ColumnStore table.

   By issuing queries to update the table or queries requiring real-time data to the InnoDB table and issuing analytical processing queries to the MariaDB ColumnStore table, you can now perform hybrid transactional-analytical processing.