Manual SST of Galera Cluster Node With mariadb-backup

Perform a manual node provision. This guide details the steps to manually backup a donor and restore it to a joiner node in a Galera Cluster.

Sometimes it can be helpful to perform a "manual SST" when Galera's normal SSTs fail. This can be especially useful when the cluster's datadir is very large, since a normal SST can take a long time to fail in that case.

A manual SST essentially consists of taking a backup of the donor, loading the backup on the joiner, and then manually editing the cluster state on the joiner node. This page will show how to perform this process with mariadb-backup.

Process

1

Check the nodes

Ensure the donor and joiner nodes have the same mariadb-backup version.

mariadb-backup --version

2

Create backup directory on donor

MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR=/mysql_backup
mkdir $MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR

3

Take backup

Take a full backup the of the donor node with mariadb-backup. The --galera-info option should also be provided, so that the node's cluster state is also backed up.

DB_USER=sstuser
DB_USER_PASS=password
mariadb-backup --backup  --galera-info \
   --target-dir=$MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR \
   --user=$DB_USER \
   --password=$DB_USER_PASS

4

MariaDB Server process running

Verify that the MariaDB Server process is stopped on the joiner node. This will depend on your service manager.

For example, on systemd systems, you can execute::

systemctl status mariadb

5

Create the backup directory on the joiner node.

MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR=/mysql_backup
mkdir $MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR

6

Copy backup

Copy the backup from the donor node to the joiner node.

OS_USER=dba
JOINER_HOST=dbserver2.mariadb.com
rsync -av $MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR/* ${OS_USER}@${JOINER_HOST}:${MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR}

7

Prepare backup

Prepare the backup on the joiner node.

mariadb-backup --prepare \
   --target-dir=$MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR

8

Get the ID

Get the Galera Cluster version ID from the donor node's grastate.dat file.

MYSQL_DATADIR=/var/lib/mysql
cat $MYSQL_DATADIR/grastate.dat | grep version

For example, a very common version number is "2.1".

1

Get the node's cluster state

Get the state from the Galera info file in the backup that was copied to the joiner node.

The name of this file depends on the MariaDB version:

• MariaDB 11.4 and later: mariadb_backup_galera_info

• MariaDB 11.3 and earlier: xtrabackup_galera_info

For MariaDB 11.4 and later:

cat $MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR/mariadb_backup_galera_info

For MariaDB 11.3 and earlier:

cat $MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR/xtrabackup_galera_info

The file contains the values of the wsrep_local_state_uuid and wsrep_last_committed status variables. The values are written in the following format:

wsrep_local_state_uuid:wsrep_last_committed

For example:

d38587ce-246c-11e5-bcce-6bbd0831cc0f:1352215

2

Create a grastate.dat file

Create the file in the backup directory of the joiner node. The Galera Cluster version ID, the cluster uuid, and the seqno from previous steps will be used to fill in the relevant fields.

For example, with the example values from the last two steps, we could do:

sudo tee $MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR/grastate.dat <<EOF
# GALERA saved state
version: 2.1
uuid:    d38587ce-246c-11e5-bcce-6bbd0831cc0f
seqno:   1352215
safe_to_bootstrap: 0
EOF

3

Remove contents

Remove the existing contents of the datadir on the joiner node.

MYSQL_DATADIR=/var/lib/mysql
rm -Rf $MYSQL_DATADIR/*

4

Copy contents

Copy the contents of the backup directory to the datadir the on joiner node.

mariadb-backup --copy-back \
   --target-dir=$MYSQL_BACKUP_DIR

5

Check datadir permissions

Make sure the permissions of the datadir are correct on the joiner node.

chown -R mysql:mysql $MYSQL_DATADIR/

6

Start the MariaDB Server process on the joiner node.

This will depend on your service manager. For example, on systemd systems, you may execute::

systemctl start mariadb

7

Watch the MariaDB error log

On the joiner node, verify that the node does not need to perform a normal SSTs due to the manual SST.

tail -f /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log