> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://mariadb.com/docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://mariadb.com/docs/gridgain/gridgain-9/reference/sql/data-types.md).

# Data Types

SQL data types available in GridGain 9 — boolean, numeric, character, binary, date/time, UUID, and NULL — and how each maps to Java, .NET, and C++ types.

The page contains a list of SQL data types available in GridGain such as string, numeric, and date/time types.

Every SQL type is mapped to a programming language or driver specific type that is supported by GridGain natively.

## Boolean Types

### BOOLEAN

Possible values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL     | Java    | .NET | C++  |
| ---------- | ------- | ------- | ---- | ---- |
| BOOLEAN    | BOOLEAN | Boolean | bool | bool |

## Numeric Types

### TINYINT

Possible values: `[-128, 127]`.

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL     | Java | .NET  | C++          |
| ---------- | ------- | ---- | ----- | ------------ |
| INT8       | TINYINT | Byte | sbyte | std::int8\_t |

### SMALLINT

Possible values: \[`-32768`, `32767`].

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL      | Java  | .NET  | C++           |
| ---------- | -------- | ----- | ----- | ------------- |
| INT16      | SMALLINT | Short | short | std::int16\_t |

### INT

Possible values: \[`-2147483648`, `2147483647`].

Alias: `INTEGER`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL | Java    | .NET | C++           |
| ---------- | --- | ------- | ---- | ------------- |
| INT32      | INT | Integer | int  | std::int32\_t |

### BIGINT

Possible values: \[`-9223372036854775808`, `9223372036854775807`].

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL    | Java | .NET | C++           |
| ---------- | ------ | ---- | ---- | ------------- |
| INT64      | BIGINT | Long | long | std::int64\_t |

### DECIMAL

Possible values: Exact number of selectable precision.

Default precision: `32767`

Maximum precision: `32767`

Default scale: `0`

Maximum scale: `16383`

#### Decimal Precision and Scale in GridGain

GridGain has the following specifics when handling decimal values:

* You can specify scale that is larger than precision. In this case, the column will only hold fractional values, and the number of 0 digits to the right of the decimal point must be the same as scale minus precision. For example if you use the following declaration:

  ```sql
  DECIMAL(3, 6)
  ```

  You can store values between -0.000999 and 0.000999, inclusive.
* `BigDecimal` data type is derived as `DECIMAL(28, 6)`. If there are more than 6 digits after the decimal point, they will be dropped. If a value larger than precision is passed, out of range exception will occur.

  To store larger decimal values, cast them with custom precision, for example `CAST(? as DECIMAL(100, 50))`.

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL     | Java       | .NET       | C++          |
| ---------- | ------- | ---------- | ---------- | ------------ |
| DECIMAL    | DECIMAL | BigDecimal | BigDecimal | big\_decimal |

### REAL

Possible values: A single precision (32-bit) IEEE 754 floating-point number.

Special values: `NaN`, `-Infinity`, `+Infinity`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL  | Java  | .NET  | C++   |
| ---------- | ---- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| FLOAT      | REAL | Float | float | float |

### DOUBLE

Possible values: A double precision (64-bit) IEEE 754 floating-point number.

Alias: `DOUBLE PRECISION`

Special values: `NaN`, `-Infinity`, `+Infinity`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL    | Java   | .NET   | C++    |
| ---------- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ |
| DOUBLE     | DOUBLE | Double | double | double |

## Character String Types

### VARCHAR

Possible values: A Unicode string.

Alias: `CHARACTER VARYING`

Default length: `65536`

Maximum length: `2147483647`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL     | Java   | .NET   | C++         |
| ---------- | ------- | ------ | ------ | ----------- |
| STRING     | VARCHAR | String | string | std::string |

### CHAR (Limited Support)

{% hint style="warning" %}
This type can only be used in expressions (such as CAST('a' AS CHAR(3)), and it cannot be used in DDL statements such as `CREATE TABLE`, `ALTER TABLE`, `ADD COLUMN`, etc. Use [VARCHAR](#varchar) instead.
{% endhint %}

Fixed length Unicode string padded with spaces.

Default length: `1`

Maximum length: `65536`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL  | Java   | .NET   | C++         |
| ---------- | ---- | ------ | ------ | ----------- |
| STRING     | CHAR | String | string | std::string |

## Binary String Types

### VARBINARY

Possible values: binary data (“byte array”).

Aliases: `BINARY`, `BINARY VARYING`

Default length: `65536`

Maximum length: `2147483647`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType  | SQL       | Java    | .NET    | C++                      |
| ----------- | --------- | ------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
| BYTE\_ARRAY | VARBINARY | byte\[] | byte\[] | `std::vector<std::byte>` |

## Date and Time Types

### TIME

{% hint style="info" %}
The following Java types are not supported and cannot be used from [table API](/docs/gridgain/gridgain-9/gridgain9-development/accessing-data/table-api.md):

* `java.sql.Time`
* `java.util.Date`
  {% endhint %}

Possible values: The time data type. The format is `hh:mm:ss`.

Default precision: `0`

Maximum precision: `3`

Minimum value: `00:00:00.000000000`

Maximum value: `23:59:59.999999999`

Mapped to: `LocalTime`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL  | Java      | .NET      | C++          |
| ---------- | ---- | --------- | --------- | ------------ |
| TIME       | TIME | LocalTime | LocalTime | ignite\_time |

### DATE

{% hint style="info" %}
The following Java types are not supported and cannot be used from [table API](/docs/gridgain/gridgain-9/gridgain9-development/accessing-data/table-api.md):

* `java.sql.Time`
* `java.util.Date`
  {% endhint %}

Possible values: The date data type.

Minimum value: `0001-01-01`

Maximum value: `9999-12-31`

The format is `yyyy-MM-dd`.

Mapped to: `LocalDate`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL  | Java      | .NET      | C++          |
| ---------- | ---- | --------- | --------- | ------------ |
| DATE       | DATE | LocalDate | LocalDate | ignite\_date |

### TIMESTAMP

{% hint style="warning" %}
The timestamp data type only supports precision up to milliseconds (3 symbols). Any values past the 3rd symbol will be ignored.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="info" %}
The following Java types are not supported and cannot be used from [table API](/docs/gridgain/gridgain-9/gridgain9-development/accessing-data/table-api.md):

* `java.sql.Time`
* `java.util.Date`
  {% endhint %}

Possible values: The timestamp data type. The format is `yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss[.mmm]`.

Default precision: `6`

Maximum precision: `9`

Maximum value: `9999-12-31 05:59:59.999999999`

Minimum value: `0001-01-01 18:00:00`

Mapped to: `LocalDateTime`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL       | Java          | .NET          | C++                |
| ---------- | --------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------------ |
| DATETIME   | TIMESTAMP | LocalDateTime | LocalDateTime | ignite\_date\_time |

### TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE

{% hint style="warning" %}
In SQL, the timestamp with local time zone data type only supports precision up to milliseconds (3 symbols). Any values past the 3rd symbol will be ignored.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="info" %}
The following Java types are not supported and cannot be used from [table API](/docs/gridgain/gridgain-9/gridgain9-development/accessing-data/table-api.md):

* `java.sql.Time`
* `java.util.Date`
  {% endhint %}

Possible values: The timestamp data type that represents an absolute point in time. The time zone offset is not stored as part of column data. When the value is written or retrieved, it is automatically converted to or from the time zone of the session.

The format is `yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss[.mmm]`.

Default precision: `6`

Maximum precision: `9`

Maximum value: `9999-12-31 05:59:59.999999999`

Minimum value: `0001-01-01 18:00:00`

Mapped to: `Instant`

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL                            | Java    | .NET    | C++               |
| ---------- | ------------------------------ | ------- | ------- | ----------------- |
| TIMESTAMP  | TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE | Instant | Instant | ignite\_timestamp |

## Other Types

### UUID

Possible values: Universally unique identifier. This is a 128 bit value.

Example UUID: `7d24b70e-25d5-45ed-a5fa-39d8e1d966b9`

**UUID literals**

Use a typed UUID literal:

```sql
uuid 'cf4f1822-2e99-4b93-ae82-7f4ab907aad4'
```

Typed literals are preferred because they avoid extra expression simplification and enable literal-specific optimizations.

**UUID generation**

Use `rand_uuid()` to generate a random UUID value:

```sql
select rand_uuid(); -- returns a UUID
```

**Explicit conversion to UUID**

String literals are `CHAR(...)` values and are **not** implicitly converted to `UUID`. Convert them explicitly:

```sql
CAST('cf4f1822-2e99-4b93-ae82-7f4ab907aad4' AS UUID)
```

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL  | Java | .NET | C++  |
| ---------- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| UUID       | UUID | UUID | Guid | uuid |

### NULL

A field containing the null value.

**Type Mapping**

| ColumnType | SQL  | Java | .NET | C++     |
| ---------- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ------- |
| NULL       | NULL | Void | Null | nullptr |

## Implicit Type Conversion

In GridGain 9, implicit type conversion is limited to types within the same type family. The table below covers the possible implicit conversions:

| Type Family      | Available Types                                                      |
| ---------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Boolean          | `BOOLEAN`                                                            |
| Numeric          | `TINYINT`, `SMALLINT`, `INT`, `BIGINT`, `DECIMAL`, `FLOAT`, `DOUBLE` |
| Character String | `VARCHAR`, `CHAR`                                                    |
| Binary String    | `VARBINARY` `BINARY`                                                 |
| Date             | `DATE`                                                               |
| Time             | `TIME`                                                               |
| Datetime         | `TIMESTAMP`, `TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE`                        |
| UUID             | `UUID`                                                               |