Deploy MariaDB Community Server 10.4

Overview

These instructions detail the deployment of MariaDB Community Server 10.4 in a Single Standalone Server configuration on a range of supported Operating Systems.

These instructions detail how to deploy a single-node row database, which is suited for a transactional or OLTP workload that does not require high availability (HA). This deployment type is generally for non-production use cases, such as for development and testing.

MariaDB Community Server Components

These instructions detail the deployment of the following MariaDB Community Server components:

Component

Description

InnoDB

Term Definitions

Term

Definition

row database

  • A database where all columns of each row are stored together.

  • Best suited for transactional and OLTP workloads.

  • Also known as a "row-oriented database".

Installation

MariaDB Corporation provides package repositories for YUM (RHEL, CentOS), APT (Debian, Ubuntu), and ZYpp (SLES).

Install via YUM (CentOS, RHEL)

  1. Configure the YUM package repository.

    Prefix the version with mariadb- and pass the version string to the --mariadb-server-version flag to mariadb_repo_setup. The following directions reference 10.4.

    To configure YUM package repositories:

    $ sudo yum install wget
    
    $ wget https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup
    
    $ echo "30d2a05509d1c129dd7dd8430507e6a7729a4854ea10c9dcf6be88964f3fdc25 mariadb_repo_setup" \
        | sha256sum -c -
    
    $ chmod +x mariadb_repo_setup
    
    $ sudo ./mariadb_repo_setup \
       --mariadb-server-version="mariadb-10.4"
    
  2. Install MariaDB Community Server and package dependencies:

    $ sudo yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-backup
    
  3. Configure MariaDB.

    Installation only loads MariaDB Community Server to the system. MariaDB Community Server requires configuration before the database server is ready for use.

    See Configuration.

Install via APT (Debian, Ubuntu)

  1. Configure the APT package repository.

    Prefix the version with mariadb- and pass the version string to the --mariadb-server-version flag to mariadb_repo_setup. The following directions reference 10.4.

    To configure APT package repositories:

    $ sudo apt install wget
    
    $ wget https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup
    
    $ echo "30d2a05509d1c129dd7dd8430507e6a7729a4854ea10c9dcf6be88964f3fdc25 mariadb_repo_setup" \
        | sha256sum -c -
    
    $ chmod +x mariadb_repo_setup
    
    $ sudo ./mariadb_repo_setup \
       --mariadb-server-version="mariadb-10.4"
    
    $ sudo apt update
    
  2. Install MariaDB Community Server and package dependencies:

    $ sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-backup
    
  3. Configure MariaDB.

    Installation only loads MariaDB Community Server to the system. MariaDB Community Server requires configuration before the database server is ready for use.

    See Configuration.

Install via ZYpp (SLES)

  1. Configure the ZYpp package repository.

    Prefix the version with mariadb- and pass the version string to the --mariadb-server-version flag to mariadb_repo_setup. The following directions reference 10.4.

    To configure ZYpp package repositories:

    $ sudo zypper install wget
    
    $ wget https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup
    
    $ echo "30d2a05509d1c129dd7dd8430507e6a7729a4854ea10c9dcf6be88964f3fdc25 mariadb_repo_setup" \
        | sha256sum -c -
    
    $ chmod +x mariadb_repo_setup
    
    $ sudo ./mariadb_repo_setup \
       --mariadb-server-version="mariadb-10.4"
    
  2. Install MariaDB Community Server and package dependencies:

    $ sudo zypper install MariaDB-server MariaDB-backup
    
  3. Configure MariaDB.

    Installation only loads MariaDB Community Server to the system. MariaDB Community Server requires configuration before the database server is ready for use.

    See Configuration.

Configuration

MariaDB Community Server can be configured in the following ways:

  • System variables and options can be set in a configuration file (such as /etc/my.cnf). MariaDB Community Server must be restarted to apply changes made to the configuration file.

  • System variables and options can be set on the command-line.

  • If a system variable supports dynamic changes, then it can be set on-the-fly using the SET statement.

Configuration Files

MariaDB's packages include several bundled configuration files. It is also possible to create custom configuration files.

On RHEL, CentOS, and SLES, MariaDB's packages bundle the following configuration files:

  • /etc/my.cnf

  • /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

  • /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

  • /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

And on RHEL, CentOS, and SLES, custom configuration files from the following directories are read by default:

  • /etc/my.cnf.d/

On Debian and Ubuntu, MariaDB's packages bundle the following configuration files:

  • /etc/mysql/my.cnf

  • /etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf

  • /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-client.cnf

  • /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-mysql-clients.cnf

  • /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-mysqld_safe.cnf

  • /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

  • /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/60-galera.cnf

And on Debian and Ubuntu, custom configuration files from the following directories are read by default:

  • /etc/mysql/conf.d/

  • /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/

Configuring MariaDB

  1. Determine which system variables and options you need to configure.

    Useful system variables and options for MariaDB Community Server include:

    System Variable/Option

    Description

    datadir

    Sets the path to the data directory. MariaDB Community Server writes data files to this directory, including tablespaces, logs, and schemas. Change it to use a non-standard location or to start the Server on a different data directory for testing.

    bind_address

    Sets the local TCP/IP address on which MariaDB Community Server listens for incoming connections. When testing on a local system, bind the address to the local host at 127.0.0.1 to prevent network access.

    port

    Sets the port MariaDB Community Server listens on. Use this system variable to use a non-standard port or when running multiple Servers on the same host for testing.

    max_connections

    Sets the maximum number of simultaneous connections MariaDB Community Server allows.

    thread_handling

    Sets how MariaDB Community Server handles threads for client connections.

    log_error

    Sets the file name for the error log.

    innodb_buffer_pool_size

    Sets the amount of memory InnoDB reserves for the Buffer Pool.

    innodb_log_file_size

    Sets the size for each Redo Log file and innodb_log_files_in_group sets the number of Redo Log files used by InnoDB.

    innodb_io_capacity

    Sets the maximum number of I/O operations per second that InnoDB can use.

  2. Choose a configuration file in which to configure your system variables and options.

    It is not recommended to make custom changes to one of the bundled configuration files. Instead, it is recommended to create a custom configuration file in one of the included directories. Configuration files in included directories are read in alphabetical order. If you want your custom configuration file to override the bundled configuration files, then it is a good idea to prefix the custom configuration file's name with a string that will be sorted last, such as z-.

    • On RHEL, CentOS, and SLES, a good custom configuration file would be: /etc/my.cnf.d/z-custom-my.cnf

    • On Debian and Ubuntu, a good custom configuration file would be: /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/z-custom-my.cnf

  3. Set your system variables and options in the configuration file.

    They need to be set in a group that will be read by mariadbd, such as [mariadb] or [server].

    For example:

    [mariadb]
    log_error                 = mariadb-test.err
    innodb_buffer_pool_size   = 1G
    

Starting the Server

MariaDB Community Server includes configuration to start, stop, restart, enable/disable on boot, and check the status of the Server using the operating system default process management system.

For distributions that use systemd (most supported OSes), you can manage the Server process using the systemctl command:

Operation

Command

Start

sudo systemctl start mariadb

Stop

sudo systemctl stop mariadb

Restart

sudo systemctl restart mariadb

Enable during startup

sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Disable during startup

sudo systemctl disable mariadb

Status

sudo systemctl status mariadb

Testing

When MariaDB Community Server is up and running on your system, you should test that it is working and there weren't any issues during startup.

  1. Connect to the Server using MariaDB Client using the root@localhost user account:

    $ sudo mariadb
    Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MariaDB connection id is 38
    Server version: 10.4.33-MariaDB MariaDB Server
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    MariaDB [(none)]>