# Geometry Statements - [Geometry Constructors](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors.md): Learn about geometry constructors in MariaDB Server. This section details SQL functions for creating spatial data types like points, lines, and polygons, enabling geospatial data management. - [BUFFER](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/buffer.md): Returns a geometry representing all points within a given distance of the geometry value. This function calculates a buffer zone around the spatial object. - [CONVEXHULL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/convexhull.md): Returns a geometry representing the convex hull of the given geometry value. It computes the smallest convex polygon that contains the entire geometry. - [GEOMETRYCOLLECTION](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/geometrycollection.md): Constructs a GeometryCollection value from a list of WKB arguments. This function creates a collection containing multiple geometry objects. - [LINESTRING](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/linestring.md): Constructs a LineString value from a number of Point values. It creates a linear geometry connecting the specified coordinate points. - [MULTILINESTRING](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/multilinestring.md): Constructs a MultiLineString value from a list of WKB LineString arguments. This function creates a collection of multiple line strings. - [MULTIPOINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/multipoint.md): Constructs a MultiPoint value from a list of WKB Point arguments. It creates a geometry collection consisting of multiple individual points. - [MULTIPOLYGON](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/multipolygon.md): Constructs a MultiPolygon value from a list of WKB Polygon arguments. This function creates a geometry collection containing multiple polygons. - [POINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/point.md): Constructs a Point value using its coordinates. This basic constructor creates a point geometry from given X and Y (and optionally Z/M) values. - [PointOnSurface](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/pointonsurface.md): Returns a Point which is guaranteed to lie on the surface of the given geometry. This is useful for labeling or finding a representative point inside a polygon. - [POLYGON](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/polygon.md): Constructs a Polygon value from a list of WKB LineString arguments. It defines a filled shape using an outer ring and optional inner rings (holes). - [ST\_BUFFER](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/st_buffer.md): Returns a geometry representing all points within a given distance of the geometry. This standard-compliant function creates a buffer zone around the object. - [ST\_CONVEXHULL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/st_convexhull.md): Returns a geometry representing the convex hull of the given geometry. This standard function computes the smallest convex polygon enclosing the geometry. - [ST\_INTERSECTION](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/st_intersection.md): Returns a geometry representing the point set intersection of two geometries. It outputs the spatial region shared by both input objects. - [ST\_POINTONSURFACE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/st_pointonsurface.md): Returns a Point guaranteed to lie on the surface of the given geometry. This standard function finds a representative point strictly within the geometry's area. - [ST\_SYMDIFFERENCE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/st_symdifference.md): Returns a geometry representing the point set symmetric difference of two geometries. It outputs the spatial area present in either geometry but not in both. - [ST\_UNION](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/st_union.md): Returns a geometry representing the point set union of two geometries. This function merges multiple spatial objects into a single geometry. - [ST\_AsGeoJSON](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/geojson-st_asgeojson.md): Generates a GeoJSON object from a given geometry. This function converts internal geometry data into the standard JSON-based format for web mapping. - [ST\_GeomFromGeoJSON](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-constructors/st_geomfromgeojson.md): Parses a GeoJSON string and returns a geometry. This function converts a standard GeoJSON representation into a MariaDB geometry value. - [Geometry Properties](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties.md): Learn about geometry properties. This section details SQL functions for retrieving attributes of spatial objects, such as area, length, and bounding box, essential for geospatial analysis. - [BOUNDARY](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-boundary.md): Synonym for ST\_BOUNDARY. Returns a geometry representing the closure of the combinatorial boundary of the geometry value. - [DIMENSION](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/dimension.md): Synonym for ST\_DIMENSION. Returns the inherent dimension of a geometry object (0 for Point, 1 for LineString, 2 for Polygon). - [ENVELOPE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-envelope.md): Synonym for ST\_ENVELOPE. Returns the Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR) for the given geometry as a Polygon. - [GeometryN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-geometryn.md): Synonym for ST\_GEOMETRYN. Returns the N-th geometry from a GeometryCollection, numbered starting from 1. - [GeometryType](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-geometrytype.md): Synonym for ST\_GEOMETRYTYPE. Returns the name of the geometry type (e.g., 'POINT') of the geometry instance. - [IsClosed](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/isclosed.md): Synonym for ST\_ISCLOSED. Checks if a LineString's start and end points are the same (closed). - [IsEmpty](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-isempty.md): Synonym for ST\_ISEMPTY. Checks if a geometry is empty (contains no point sets). Returns 1 if empty, 0 otherwise. - [IsRing](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/isring.md): Synonym for ST\_ISRING. Checks if a LineString is a ring, meaning it is both closed and simple. - [IsSimple](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-issimple.md): Synonym for ST\_ISSIMPLE. Checks if a geometry is simple, meaning it has no anomalous geometric points like self-intersections. - [NumGeometries](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-numgeometries.md): Synonym for ST\_NUMGEOMETRIES. Returns the number of geometries contained in a GeometryCollection. - [SRID](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/geometry-properties-srid.md): Synonym for ST\_SRID. Returns the Spatial Reference Identifier (SRID) integer associated with the geometry. - [ST\_BOUNDARY](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_boundary.md): Returns the combinatorial boundary of a geometry. For a Polygon, this is the line string defining the boundary. - [ST\_DIMENSION](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_dimension.md): Returns the inherent dimension of the geometry value. Returns 0 for points, 1 for linear geometries, and 2 for surface geometries. - [ST\_ENVELOPE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_envelope.md): Returns the Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR) for the geometry value. The result is returned as a Polygon defined by the corner points. - [ST\_GEOMETRYN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_geometryn.md): Returns the N-th geometry in a GeometryCollection. Geometries are numbered beginning with 1. - [ST\_GEOMETRYTYPE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_geometrytype.md): Returns the name of the geometry type (e.g., 'POINT', 'LINESTRING', 'POLYGON') for the given geometry instance. - [ST\_ISCLOSED](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_isclosed.md): Returns 1 if the LineString is closed (start and end points are the same), 0 if not, and NULL if the argument is NULL. - [ST\_ISEMPTY](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_isempty.md): Checks if a geometry is empty. Returns 1 if the geometry contains no points, and 0 otherwise. - [ST\_IsRing](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_isring.md): Checks if the LineString is a ring. Returns 1 if the LineString is both closed (start equals end) and simple (no self-intersection). - [ST\_IsSimple](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_issimple.md): Checks if the geometry is simple (no self-intersections or anomalous points). Returns 1 if simple, 0 otherwise. - [ST\_NUMGEOMETRIES](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_numgeometries.md): Returns the number of geometries in a GeometryCollection. Returns NULL if the argument is not a GeometryCollection. - [ST\_RELATE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_relate.md): Tests if two geometries are spatially related according to a given DE-9IM intersection matrix pattern. - [ST\_SRID](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-properties/st_srid.md): Returns the Spatial Reference Identifier (SRID) for the geometry. This integer represents the coordinate system used. - [Geometry Relations](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations.md): Learn about geometry relations in MariaDB Server. This section details SQL functions for determining spatial relationships between geometric objects, such as ST\_Intersects and ST\_Contains. - [CONTAINS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/contains.md): Synonym for ST\_CONTAINS. Checks if the first geometry completely contains the second geometry, with no points of the second geometry outside the first. - [CROSSES](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/crosses.md): Synonym for ST\_CROSSES. Checks if two geometries cross, meaning they share some interior points but not all, and the intersection has a lower dimension. - [DISJOINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/disjoint.md): Synonym for ST\_DISJOINT. Checks if two geometries are disjoint, meaning they have no points in common. - [EQUALS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/equals.md): Synonym for ST\_EQUALS. Checks if two geometries are spatially equal, meaning they contain exactly the same point set. - [INTERSECTS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/intersects.md): Synonym for ST\_INTERSECTS. Checks if two geometries intersect, meaning they share at least one common point. - [OVERLAPS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/overlaps.md): Synonym for ST\_OVERLAPS. Checks if two geometries overlap, sharing some but not all points, and having the same dimension. - [ST\_CONTAINS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st-contains.md): Checks if geometry A contains geometry B. Returns 1 if B is completely inside A, 0 otherwise. - [ST\_CROSSES](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st-crosses.md): Checks if two geometries cross. Returns 1 if they intersect but one does not cover the other, and the intersection dimension is less than the maximum dimension. - [ST\_DIFFERENCE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st_difference.md): Returns a geometry representing the difference between two geometries. The result contains points from the first geometry that are not in the second. - [ST\_DISJOINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st_disjoint.md): Checks if two geometries are disjoint. Returns 1 if the geometries share no points, 0 otherwise. - [ST\_DISTANCE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st_distance.md): Calculates the shortest distance between two geometries. Returns the minimum Euclidean distance between any two points in the geometries. - [ST\_DISTANCE\_SPHERE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st_distance_sphere.md): Calculates the spherical distance between two points or geometries. Uses a spherical earth model to determine the minimum distance in meters. - [ST\_EQUALS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st-equals.md): Returns a geometry representing the difference between two geometries. The result contains points from the first geometry that are not in the second. - [ST\_INTERSECTS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st-intersects.md): Checks if two geometries intersect. Returns 1 if the geometries share any portion of space (interior or boundary), 0 otherwise. - [ST\_LENGTH](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st_length.md): Returns the length of a linear geometry. Calculates the total length of a LineString or MultiLineString in its associated spatial reference units. - [ST\_OVERLAPS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st-overlaps.md): Checks if two geometries overlap. Returns 1 if they share space but neither completely contains the other, and they have the same dimension. - [ST\_TOUCHES](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st-touches.md): Checks if two geometries touch. Returns 1 if they intersect only at their boundaries and not their interiors. - [ST\_WITHIN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/st-within.md): Checks if geometry A is within geometry B. Returns 1 if A is completely inside B, 0 otherwise. This is the inverse of ST\_CONTAINS. - [TOUCHES](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/touches.md): Synonym for ST\_TOUCHES. Checks if two geometries touch at their boundaries without their interiors intersecting. - [WITHIN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/geometry-relations/within.md): Synonym for ST\_WITHIN. Checks if the first geometry is completely enclosed by the second geometry. - [LineString Properties](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties.md): Learn about LINESTRING properties in MariaDB Server. This section details SQL functions for retrieving attributes of linear spatial objects, such as length, number of points, and start/end points. - [ENDPOINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/linestring-properties-endpoint.md): Synonym for ST\_ENDPOINT. Returns the last point of a LineString geometry. - [GLENGTH](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/glength.md): Synonym for ST\_LENGTH. Calculates the length of a LineString or MultiLineString in its associated spatial reference units. - [NumPoints](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/linestring-properties-numpoints.md): Synonym for ST\_NUMPOINTS. Returns the number of points in a LineString geometry. - [PointN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/linestring-properties-pointn.md): Synonym for ST\_POINTN. Returns the N-th point in a LineString geometry, where N is a 1-based index. - [STARTPOINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/linestring-properties-startpoint.md): Synonym for ST\_STARTPOINT. Returns the first point of a LineString geometry. - [ST\_ENDPOINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/st_endpoint.md): Returns the end Point of a LineString. This function retrieves the final coordinate in the linear geometry sequence. - [ST\_NUMPOINTS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/st_numpoints.md): Returns the count of Points in a LineString. This function calculates the total number of vertices defining the line. - [ST\_POINTN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/st_pointn.md): Returns the N-th Point in a LineString. This function retrieves a specific point from the sequence based on its 1-based index. - [ST\_STARTPOINT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/linestring-properties/st_startpoint.md): Returns the start Point of a LineString. This function retrieves the initial coordinate in the linear geometry sequence. - [MBR (Minimum Bounding Rectangle)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle.md): Learn about Minimum Bounding Rectangles (MBR) in MariaDB Server. This section details how to calculate and use MBRs for spatial indexing and efficient querying of geometric data. - [MBR Definition](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbr-definition.md): Understand Minimum Bounding Rectangles. An MBR is the smallest rectangle that completely encloses a geometry, defined by its minimum and maximum X and Y coordinates. - [MBRContains](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbrcontains.md): Check if one MBR contains another. Returns 1 if the Minimum Bounding Rectangle of the first geometry completely encloses the MBR of the second geometry. - [MBRCoveredBy](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbrcoveredby.md): Check if one MBR is covered by another. Returns 1 if the MBR of the first geometry is entirely contained within the MBR of the second geometry. - [MBRDisjoint](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbrdisjoint.md): Check if two MBRs are disjoint. Returns 1 if the Minimum Bounding Rectangles of the two geometries do not intersect or touch at all. - [MBREqual](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbrequal.md): Check if two MBRs are identical. Returns 1 if the Minimum Bounding Rectangles of both geometries share the exact same coordinates. - [MBRIntersects](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbrintersects.md): Check if two MBRs intersect. Returns 1 if the Minimum Bounding Rectangles of the geometries share any portion of space, including boundaries. - [MBROverlaps](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbroverlaps.md): Check if two MBRs overlap. Returns 1 if the MBRs intersect but neither completely contains the other, and they have the same dimension. - [MBRTouches](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbrtouches.md): Check if two MBRs touch. Returns 1 if the MBRs intersect only at their boundaries and do not share any interior points. - [MBRWithin](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/mbr-minimum-bounding-rectangle/mbrwithin.md): Check if one MBR is within another. Returns 1 if the MBR of the first geometry is completely enclosed by the MBR of the second geometry. - [Miscellaneous GIS functions](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions.md): Explore miscellaneous GIS functions in MariaDB Server. This section details various SQL functions that support geographic information system operations and spatial data analysis. - [ST\_Collect](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_collect.md): Aggregate multiple geometries into a collection. This function creates a MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon, or GeometryCollection from a set of geometry arguments. - [ST\_GeoHash](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_geohash.md): Generate a Geohash string from a point or coordinates. This function encodes spatial locations into short, alphanumeric strings for efficient indexing and proximity searches. - [ST\_IsValid](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_isvalid.md): Check if a geometry is valid. This function returns 1 if the geometry complies with OGC specifications (e.g., no self-intersections), 0 otherwise. - [ST\_LatFromGeoHash](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_latfromgeohash.md): Decode a Geohash to retrieve the latitude. This function returns the latitude coordinate (Y-axis) from a given Geohash string. - [ST\_LongFromGeoHash](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_longfromgeohash.md): Decode a Geohash to retrieve the longitude. This function returns the longitude coordinate (X-axis) from a given Geohash string. - [ST\_PointFromGeoHash](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_pointfromgeohash.md): Create a Point geometry from a Geohash. This function decodes a Geohash string into a Point object representing the location's center. - [ST\_Simplify](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_simplify.md): Simplify a geometry using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm. This function reduces the number of vertices in a geometry while preserving its general shape, useful for rendering maps. - [ST\_Validate](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/miscellaneous-gis-functions/st_validate.md): Validate and optionally return a geometry. This function checks if a geometry is valid according to OGC rules; it returns the geometry if valid, or NULL if not. - [Point Properties](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/point-properties.md): Learn about POINT properties in MariaDB Server. This section details SQL functions for retrieving attributes of point spatial objects, such as their X and Y coordinates. - [X](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/point-properties/point-properties-x.md): Synonym for ST\_X. Returns the X-coordinate value of a Point geometry as a double-precision number. - [Y](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/point-properties/point-properties-y.md): Synonym for ST\_Y. Returns the Y-coordinate value of a Point geometry as a double-precision number. - [ST\_X](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/point-properties/st_x.md): Returns the X-coordinate of a Point geometry. This function extracts the horizontal coordinate value as a double-precision number. - [ST\_Y](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/point-properties/st_y.md): Returns the Y-coordinate of a Point geometry. This function extracts the vertical coordinate value as a double-precision number. - [Polygon Properties](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties.md): Learn about POLYGON properties in MariaDB Server. This section details SQL functions for retrieving attributes of polygonal spatial objects, such as area, perimeter, and the number of rings. - [CENTROID](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/centroid.md): Synonym for ST\_CENTROID. Returns the mathematical centroid of the Polygon or MultiPolygon as a Point geometry. - [AREA](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/polygon-properties-area.md): Synonym for ST\_AREA. Returns the double-precision area of the Polygon or MultiPolygon, calculated in its spatial reference system. - [ExteriorRing](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/polygon-properties-exteriorring.md): Synonym for ST\_ExteriorRing. Returns the exterior ring of a Polygon as a LineString. - [InteriorRingN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/polygon-properties-interiorringn.md): Synonym for ST\_InteriorRingN. Returns the N-th interior ring of a Polygon as a LineString. - [NumInteriorRings](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/polygon-properties-numinteriorrings.md): Synonym for ST\_NumInteriorRings. Returns the number of interior rings in a Polygon geometry. - [ST\_AREA](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/st_area.md): Returns the area of a Polygon or MultiPolygon. The result is a double-precision number measured in the geometry's spatial reference units. - [ST\_CENTROID](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/st_centroid.md): Returns the centroid of a Polygon or MultiPolygon. The result is a Point geometry representing the mathematical center of mass. - [ST\_ExteriorRing](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/st_exteriorring.md): Returns the exterior ring of a Polygon. This function extracts the outer boundary of the polygon as a LineString geometry. - [ST\_InteriorRingN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/st_interiorringn.md): Returns the N-th interior ring of a Polygon. This function retrieves a specific inner hole of the polygon as a LineString. - [ST\_NumInteriorRings](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/polygon-properties/st_numinteriorrings.md): Returns the count of interior rings in a Polygon. This function calculates the total number of inner holes within the polygon. - [WKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb.md): Learn about Well-Known Binary (WKB) in MariaDB Server. This section details how to represent and store geometric data in a binary format, essential for efficient spatial data exchange and storage. - [AsBinary](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/wkb-asbinary.md): Synonym for ST\_AsBinary. Converts a geometry value from its internal format to its Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation. - [AsWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/aswkb.md): Synonym for ST\_AsBinary. Converts a geometry value from its internal format to its Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation. - [GeomCollFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/wkb-geomcollfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomCollFromWKB. Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [GeometryCollectionFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/geometrycollectionfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomCollFromWKB. Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [GeometryFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/geometryfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomFromWKB. Constructs a geometry value of any type from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [GeomFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/wkb-geomfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomFromWKB. Constructs a geometry value of any type from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [LineFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/wkb-linefromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_LineFromWKB. Constructs a LineString value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [LineStringFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/linestringfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_LineFromWKB. Constructs a LineString value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [MLineFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/mlinefromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiLineStringFromWKB. Constructs a MultiLineString value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [MPointFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/mpointfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPointFromWKB. Constructs a MultiPoint value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [MPolyFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/mpolyfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPolygonFromWKB. Constructs a MultiPolygon value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [MultiLineStringFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/multilinestringfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiLineStringFromWKB. Constructs a MultiLineString value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [MultiPointFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/multipointfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPointFromWKB. Constructs a MultiPoint value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [MultiPolygonFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/multipolygonfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPolygonFromWKB. Constructs a MultiPolygon value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [PointFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/wkb-pointfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_PointFromWKB. Constructs a Point value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [PolyFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/wkb-polyfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_PolyFromWKB. Constructs a Polygon value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [PolygonFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/polygonfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_PolyFromWKB. Constructs a Polygon value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_AsBinary](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_asbinary.md): Converts a value in internal geometry format to its WKB representation and returns the binary result. - [ST\_AsWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_aswkb.md): Synonym for ST\_AsBinary. Converts a geometry value from its internal format to its Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation. - [ST\_GeomCollFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_geomcollfromwkb.md): Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_GeometryCollectionFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_geometrycollectionfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomCollFromWKB. Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_GeometryFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_geometryfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomFromWKB. Constructs a geometry value of any type from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_GeomFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_geomfromwkb.md): Constructs a geometry value of any type using its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_LineFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_linefromwkb.md): Constructs a LineString value using its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_LineStringFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_linestringfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_LineFromWKB. Constructs a LineString value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MPointFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_mpointfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPointFromWKB. Constructs a MultiPoint value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MPolyFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_mpolyfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPolygonFromWKB. Constructs a MultiPolygon value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MultiPointFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_multipointfromwkb.md): Constructs a MultiLineString value using its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MultiPolygonFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_multipolygonfromwkb.md): Constructs a MultiPolygon value using its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_PointFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_pointfromwkb.md): Constructs a Point value using its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_PolyFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_polyfromwkb.md): Constructs a Polygon value using its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_PolygonFromWKB](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/st_polygonfromwkb.md): Synonym for ST\_PolyFromWKB. Constructs a Polygon value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [Well-Known Binary (WKB) Format](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkb/well-known-binary-wkb-format.md): Understand the standard binary format for geometry. This overview explains how WKB represents spatial data types for storage and exchange. - [WKT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt.md): Learn about Well-Known Text (WKT) in MariaDB Server. This section details how to represent and store geometric data in a text format, essential for human-readable spatial data exchange. - [WKT Definition](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-definition.md): Understand the Well-Known Text (WKT) format. This section describes the standard ASCII representation for exchanging geometric data. - [AsText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-astext.md): Synonym for ST\_AsText. Converts a geometry value from its internal format to its Well-Known Text (WKT) representation. - [AsWKT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-aswkt.md): Synonym for ST\_AsText. Converts a geometry value from its internal format to its Well-Known Text (WKT) representation. - [GeomCollFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-geomcollfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomCollFromText. Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [GeometryCollectionFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/geometrycollectionfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomCollFromText. Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [GeometryFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/geometryfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomFromText. Constructs a geometry value of any type from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [GeomFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-geomfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomFromText. Constructs a geometry value of any type from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [LineFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-linefromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_LineFromText. Constructs a LineString value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [LineStringFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/linestringfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_LineFromText. Constructs a LineString value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [MLineFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/mlinefromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiLineStringFromText. Constructs a MultiLineString value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [MPointFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/mpointfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPointFromText. Constructs a MultiPoint value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [MPolyFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/mpolyfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPolygonFromText. Constructs a MultiPolygon value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [MultiLineStringFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/multilinestringfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiLineStringFromText. Constructs a MultiLineString value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [MultiPointFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/multipointfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPointFromText. Constructs a MultiPoint value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [MultiPolygonFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/multipolygonfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPolygonFromText. Constructs a MultiPolygon value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [PointFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-pointfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_PointFromText. Constructs a Point value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [PolyFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-polyfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_PolyFromText. Constructs a Polygon value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [PolygonFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/polygonfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_PolyFromText. Constructs a Polygon value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_AsText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_astext.md): Converts a value in internal geometry format to its WKT representation and returns the string result. - [ST\_ASWKT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_aswkt.md): Synonym for ST\_AsText. Converts a geometry value from its internal format to its Well-Known Text (WKT) representation. - [ST\_GeomCollFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_geomcollfromtext.md): Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKB representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_GeometryCollectionFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_geometrycollectionfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomCollFromText. Constructs a GeometryCollection value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_GeometryFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_geometryfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_GeomFromText. Constructs a geometry value of any type from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_GeomFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_geomfromtext.md): Constructs a geometry value of any type using its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_LineFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_linefromtext.md): Constructs a LineString value using its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_LineStringFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_linestringfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_LineFromText. Constructs a LineString value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MPointFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_mpointfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiLineStringFromText. Constructs a MultiLineString value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MPolyFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_mpolyfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiPointFromText. Constructs a MultiPoint value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MultiLineStringFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_multilinestringfromtext.md): Constructs a MultiLineString value using its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MultiPointFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_multipointfromtext.md): Constructs a MultiPoint value using its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MultiPolygonFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_multipolygonfromtext.md): Constructs a MultiPolygon value using its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_PointFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_pointfromtext.md): Constructs a Point value using its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_PolyFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_polyfromtext.md): Constructs a Polygon value using its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_PolygonFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/st_polygonfromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_PolyFromText. Constructs a Polygon value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. - [ST\_MLineFromText](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors/wkt/wkt-st_mlinefromtext.md): Synonym for ST\_MultiLineStringFromText. Constructs a MultiLineString value from its WKT representation and an optional SRID. --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/geometry-constructors.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. 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