# SQL Structure - [SQL Language Structure](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure.md): Explore the SQL language structure in MariaDB Server. This section provides fundamental concepts, syntax rules, and common elements that form the building blocks of SQL queries and commands. - [Binary Literals](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/binary-literals.md) - [Date and Time Literals](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/date-and-time-literals.md) - [Hexadecimal Literals](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/hexadecimal-literals.md) - [Identifier Case Sensitivity](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-case-sensitivity.md) - [Identifier Names](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-names.md) - [Identifier Qualifiers](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-qualifiers.md) - [Identifier to File Name Mapping](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-to-file-name-mapping.md) - [Numeric Literals](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/numeric-iterals.md) - [Reserved Words](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/reserved-words.md) - [Boolean Literals](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/sql-language-structure-boolean-literals.md) - [Schema Qualifiers](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/schema-qualifiers.md): Schema qualifiers manage SQL mode dependent behavior for data types and functions. - [String Literals](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/string-literals.md) - [Table Value Constructors](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/table-value-constructors.md) - [User-Defined Variables](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/user-defined-variables.md) - [Joins, Subqueries, and Set](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/joins-subqueries-set.md): Explore joins, subqueries, and set operations in MariaDB SQL. This section details how to combine data from multiple tables, nest queries, and perform set-based operations for complex data retrieval. - [Geometry](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry.md): Explore geometric data types and functions in MariaDB Server. This section details how to store, query, and manipulate spatial data, enabling geospatial applications within your database. - [Geometry Hierarchy](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/geometry-hierarchy.md) - [Geometry Types](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/geometry-types.md) - [GIS Features](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/gis-features-in-533.md) - [GIS Resources](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/gis-resources.md) - [SPATIAL INDEX](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/spatial-index.md) - [NoSQL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql.md): Explore MariaDB Server's NoSQL capabilities. This section details how to store and query schemaless data, including JSON, and how to integrate with other NoSQL data sources, enhancing flexibility. - [Dynamic Columns](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/dynamic-columns.md) - [Dynamic Column API](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/dynamic-column-api.md) - [HANDLER](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handler.md): Explore the HANDLER statement in MariaDB Server for direct table access. This section details how to bypass the SQL optimizer for low-level row operations, useful for specific NoSQL-like interactions. - [HANDLER](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handler/handler-commands.md) - [HANDLER for MEMORY Tables](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handler/handler-for-memory-tables.md) - [HandlerSocket](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket.md): Explore HandlerSocket for MariaDB Server. This plugin enables high-performance NoSQL-like access directly to InnoDB tables, bypassing SQL parsing for fast key-value operations. - [HandlerSocket Installation](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-installation.md) - [HandlerSocket Client Libraries](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-client-libraries.md) - [HandlerSocket Configuration Options](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-configuration-options.md) - [HandlerSocket External Resources](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-external-resources.md) - [Operators](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators.md): Learn about operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators used in expressions and conditions for data manipulation and querying. - [Operator Precedence](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/operator-precedence.md): Understand operator precedence in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details the order in which operators are evaluated within expressions, crucial for writing accurate and predictable queries. - [Arithmetic Operators](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators.md): Learn about arithmetic operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details how to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division within your queries. - [Addition Operator (+)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/addition-operator.md) - [Subtraction Operator (-)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/subtraction-operator.md) - [Multiplication Operator (\*)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/multiplication-operator.md) - [Division Operator (/)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/division-operator.md) - [Modulo Operator (%)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/modulo-operator.md) - [Assignment Operators](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/assignment-operators.md): Learn about assignment operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details how to assign values to variables and columns, essential for data manipulation and programmatic logic. - [Assignment Operator (:=)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/assignment-operators/assignment-operator.md) - [Assignment Operator (=)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/assignment-operators/assignment-operators-assignment-operator.md) - [Comparison Operators](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators.md): Learn about comparison operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details operators like =, >, <, and LIKE used to compare values in conditions, essential for filtering and joining data. - [BETWEEN AND](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/between-and.md) - [COALESCE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/coalesce.md) - [=](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/equal.md) - [>=](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/greater-than-or-equal.md) - [>](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/greater-than.md) - [GREATEST](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/greatest.md) - [IN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/in.md) - [INTERVAL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/interval.md) - [IS JSON](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-json.md) - [IS NOT NULL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-not-null.md) - [IS NOT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-not.md) - [IS NULL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-null.md) - [IS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is.md) - [ISNULL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/isnull.md) - [LEAST](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/least.md) - [<=](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/less-than-or-equal.md) - [<](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/less-than.md) - [NOT BETWEEN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/not-between.md) - [!=](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/not-equal.md) - [NOT IN](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/not-in.md) - [<=>](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/null-safe-equal.md) - [Logical Operators](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators.md): Learn about logical operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details operators like AND, OR, and NOT used to combine or negate conditions, essential for complex filtering and data selection. - [&&](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/and.md) - [!](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/not.md) - [||](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/or.md) - [XOR](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/xor.md) - [Sequences](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences.md): Learn about sequences in MariaDB Server. This section details how to create and manage sequences for generating unique numbers, often used for primary keys and other auto-incrementing values. - [Sequence Overview](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-overview.md) - [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/alter-sequence.md) - [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/create-sequence.md): Create a sequence generator. This statement initializes a sequence object that produces a series of unique numeric values on demand. - [DROP SEQUENCE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/drop-sequence.md) - [SEQUENCE Functions](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions.md): Learn about sequence functions in MariaDB Server. This section details SQL functions for retrieving the next or current value from a sequence, crucial for generating unique identifiers. - [LASTVAL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/lastval.md) - [NEXT VALUE FOR](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/next-value-for-sequence_name.md) - [NEXTVAL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/nextval.md) - [PREVIOUS VALUE FOR](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/previous-value-for-sequence_name.md) - [SETVAL](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/setval.md) - [Temporal Tables](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables.md): Explore temporal tables in MariaDB Server. This section details how to manage data with system-versioning and application-time periods, enabling historical data tracking and time-aware queries. - [Application-Time Periods](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables/application-time-periods.md) - [Bitemporal Tables](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables/bitemporal-tables.md) - [System-Versioned Tables](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables/system-versioned-tables.md): Complete system-versioned tables: WITH SYSTEM VERSIONING syntax, FOR SYSTEM\_TIME AS OF/BETWEEN/ALL queries, and ROW\_START/ROW\_END columns. - [Vectors](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors.md): Explore vector data types. This section details how to store and manage numerical arrays, enabling efficient vector similarity search and machine learning applications within your database. - [Vector Overview](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector-overview.md): Official MariaDB Vector reference: VECTOR(n) data type, VECTOR INDEX (M, DISTANCE=euclidean|cosine), VEC\_FromText() inserts, VEC\_DISTANCE() queries. - [CREATE TABLE with Vectors](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/create-table-with-vectors.md): Create tables optimized for vector storage. Learn to define columns with the VECTOR data type and configure vector indexes for similarity search. - [Vector System Variables](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector-system-variables.md) - [Vector Framework Integrations](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector-framework-integrations.md) - [VECTOR](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector.md) - [Optimizing Hybrid Search Query with Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF)](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/optimizing-hybrid-search-query-with-reciprocal-rank-fusion-rrf.md) --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. 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