# Upgrading from MariaDB 10.1 to MariaDB 10.2
### How to Upgrade
For Windows, see [Upgrading MariaDB on Windows](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/upgrading/platform-specific-upgrade-guides/upgrading-mariadb-on-windows.md) instead.
For MariaDB Galera Cluster, see [Upgrading with Galera Cluster](/docs/galera-cluster/galera-management/upgrading-galera-cluster.md) instead.
Before you upgrade, it would be best to take a backup of your database. This is always a good idea to do before an upgrade. We would recommend [mariadb-backup](/docs/server/server-usage/backup-and-restore/mariadb-backup/mariadb-backup-overview.md).
The suggested upgrade procedure is:
1. Modify the repository configuration, so the system's package manager installs [MariaDB 10.2](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.2/what-is-mariadb-102.md). For example,
* On Debian, Ubuntu, and other similar Linux distributions, see [Updating the MariaDB APT repository to a New Major Release](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/installing-mariadb/binary-packages/installing-mariadb-deb-files.md#updating-the-mariadb-apt-repository-to-a-new-major-release) for more information.
* On RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, and other similar Linux distributions, see [Updating the MariaDB YUM repository to a New Major Release](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/installing-mariadb/binary-packages/rpm/yum.md#updating-the-mariadb-yum-repository-to-a-new-major-release) for more information.
* On SLES, OpenSUSE, and other similar Linux distributions, see [Updating the MariaDB ZYpp repository to a New Major Release](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/installing-mariadb/binary-packages/rpm/installing-mariadb-with-zypper.md#updating-the-mariadb-zypp-repository-to-a-new-major-release) for more information.
1. Set [innodb\_fast\_shutdown](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md#innodb_fast_shutdown) to `0`. It can be changed dynamically with [SET GLOBAL](/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/administrative-sql-statements/replication-statements/set-global-sql_slave_skip_counter.md). For example:`SET GLOBAL innodb_fast_shutdown=0;`
* This step is not necessary when upgrading to [MariaDB 10.2.5](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.2/10.2.5.md) or later. Omitting it can make the upgrade process far faster. See [MDEV-12289](https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-12289) for more information.
1. [Stop MariaDB](/docs/server/server-management/starting-and-stopping-mariadb/starting-and-stopping-mariadb-automatically.md).
2. Uninstall the old version of MariaDB.
* On Debian, Ubuntu, and other similar Linux distributions, execute the following:`sudo apt-get remove mariadb-server`
* On RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, and other similar Linux distributions, execute the following:`sudo yum remove MariaDB-server`
* On SLES, OpenSUSE, and other similar Linux distributions, execute the following:`sudo zypper remove MariaDB-server`
1. Install the new version of MariaDB.
* On Debian, Ubuntu, and other similar Linux distributions, see [Installing MariaDB Packages with APT](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/installing-mariadb/binary-packages/installing-mariadb-deb-files.md#installing-mariadb-packages-with-apt) for more information.
* On RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, and other similar Linux distributions, see [Installing MariaDB Packages with YUM](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/installing-mariadb/binary-packages/rpm/yum.md#installing-mariadb-packages-with-yum) for more information.
* On SLES, OpenSUSE, and other similar Linux distributions, see [Installing MariaDB Packages with ZYpp](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/installing-mariadb/binary-packages/rpm/installing-mariadb-with-zypper.md#installing-mariadb-packages-with-zypp) for more information.
1. Make any desired changes to configuration options in [option files](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/configuring-mariadb/configuring-mariadb-with-option-files.md), such as `my.cnf`. This includes removing any options that are no longer supported.
2. [Start MariaDB](/docs/server/server-management/starting-and-stopping-mariadb/starting-and-stopping-mariadb-automatically.md).
3. Run [mysql\_upgrade](/docs/server/clients-and-utilities/legacy-clients-and-utilities/mysql_upgrade.md).
* `mysql_upgrade` does two things:
1. Ensures that the system tables in the `[mysq](../../../../reference/sql-statements-and-structure/sql-statements/administrative-sql-statements/system-tables/the-mysql-database-tables/README.md) l` database are fully compatible with the new version.
2. Does a very quick check of all tables and marks them as compatible with the new version of MariaDB .
### Incompatible Changes Between 10.1 and 10.2
On most servers upgrading from 10.1 should be painless. However, there are some things that have changed which could affect an upgrade:
#### InnoDB Instead of XtraDB
[MariaDB 10.2](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.2/what-is-mariadb-102.md) uses [InnoDB](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb.md) as the default storage engine, rather than XtraDB, used in [MariaDB 10.1](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.1/changes-improvements-in-mariadb-10-1.md) and before. See [Why does MariaDB 10.2 use InnoDB instead of XtraDB?](https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/docs-server/blob/test/kb/en/why-does-mariadb-102-use-innodb-instead-of-xtradb/README.md) In most cases this should have minimal effect as the latest InnoDB has incorporated most of the improvements made in earlier versions of XtraDB. Note that certain [XtraDB system variables](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) are now ignored (although they still exist so as to permit easy upgrading).
#### Options That Have Changed Default Values
In particular, take note of the changes to [innodb\_strict\_mode](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md), [sql\_mode](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#sql_mode), [binlog\_format](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md), [binlog\_checksum](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) and [innodb\_checksum\_algorithm](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md).
| Option | Old default value | New default value |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [aria\_recover(\_options)](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/aria/aria-system-variables.md#aria_recover_options) | NORMAL | BACKUP, QUICK |
| [binlog\_annotate\_row\_events](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [binlog\_checksum](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) | NONE | CRC32 |
| [binlog\_format](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) | STATEMENT | MIXED |
| [group\_concat\_max\_len](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#group_concat_max_len) | 1024 | 1048576 |
| [innodb\_autoinc\_lock\_mode](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | 1 | 2 |
| [innodb\_buffer\_pool\_dump\_at\_shutdown](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [innodb\_buffer\_pool\_dump\_pct](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | 100 | 25 |
| [innodb\_buffer\_pool\_instances](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | 8 | Varies |
| [innodb\_buffer\_pool\_load\_at\_startup](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [innodb\_checksum\_algorithm](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | innodb | crc32 |
| [innodb\_file\_format](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | Antelope | Barracuda |
| [innodb\_large\_prefix](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [innodb\_lock\_schedule\_algorithm](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | VATS | FCFS |
| [innodb\_log\_compressed\_pages](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [innodb\_max\_dirty\_pages\_pct\_lwm](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | 0.001000 | 0 |
| [innodb\_max\_undo\_log\_size](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | 1073741824 | 10485760 |
| [innodb\_purge\_threads](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | 1 | 4 |
| [innodb\_strict\_mode](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [innodb\_undo\_directory](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | . | NULL |
| [innodb\_use\_atomic\_writes](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [innodb\_use\_trim](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [lock\_wait\_timeout](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#lock_wait_timeout) | 31536000 | 86400 |
| [log\_slow\_admin\_statements](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#log_slow_admin_statements) | OFF | ON |
| [log\_slow\_slave\_statements](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [log\_warnings](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#log_warnings) | 1 | 2 |
| [max\_allowed\_packet](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#max_allowed_packet) | 4M | 16M |
| [max\_long\_data\_size](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#max_long_data_size) | 4M | 16M |
| [myisam\_recover\_options](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/myisam-storage-engine/myisam-system-variables.md#myisam_recover_options) | NORMAL | BACKUP, QUICK |
| [optimizer\_switch](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#optimizer_switch) | See [Optimizer Switch](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/optimization-and-tuning/query-optimizations/optimizer-switch.md) for details. | |
| [replicate\_annotate\_row\_events](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) | OFF | ON |
| [server\_id](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) | 0 | 1 |
| [slave\_net\_timeout](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) | 3600 | 60 |
| [sql\_mode](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#sql_mode) | NO\_AUTO\_CREATE\_USER, NO\_ENGINE\_SUBSTITUTION | STRICT\_TRANS\_TABLES, ERROR\_FOR\_DIVISION\_BY\_ZERO, NO\_AUTO\_CREATE\_USER, NO\_ENGINE\_SUBSTITUTION |
| [thread\_cache\_size](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#thread_cache_size) | 0 | Auto |
| [thread\_pool\_max\_threads](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/optimization-and-tuning/buffers-caches-and-threads/thread-pool/thread-pool-system-status-variables.md) | 1000 | 65536 |
| [thread\_stack](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/server-system-variables.md#thread_stack) | 295936 | 299008 |
#### Options That Have Been Removed or Renamed
The following options should be removed or renamed if you use them in your [option files](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/configuring-mariadb/configuring-mariadb-with-option-files.md):
| Option | Reason |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| aria\_recover | Renamed to [aria\_recover\_options](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/aria/aria-system-variables.md#aria_recover_options) to match [myisam\_recover\_options](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/myisam-storage-engine/myisam-system-variables.md#myisam_recover_options). |
| [innodb\_additional\_mem\_pool\_size](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | Deprecated in [MariaDB 10.0](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.0/changes-improvements-in-mariadb-10-0.md). |
| [innodb\_api\_bk\_commit\_interval](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | Memcache never implemented in MariaDB. |
| [innodb\_api\_disable\_rowlock](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | Memcache never implemented in MariaDB. |
| [innodb\_api\_enable\_binlog](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | Memcache never implemented in MariaDB. |
| [innodb\_api\_enable\_mdl](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | Memcache never implemented in MariaDB. |
| \[ | innodb\_api\_trx\_level]\(../../../../reference/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) |
| [innodb\_use\_sys\_malloc](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/innodb/innodb-system-variables.md) | Deprecated in [MariaDB 10.0](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.0/changes-improvements-in-mariadb-10-0.md). |
#### Reserved Words
New [reserved words](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/reserved-words.md): OVER, RECURSIVE and ROWS. These can no longer be used as [identifiers](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-names.md) without being quoted.
#### TokuDB
[TokuDB](/docs/server/server-usage/storage-engines/legacy-storage-engines/tokudb.md) has been split into a separate package, mariadb-plugin-tokudb.
#### Replication
[Replication](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication.md) from legacy MySQL servers may require setting [binlog\_checksum](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/standard-replication/replication-and-binary-log-system-variables.md) to NONE.
#### SQL Mode
[SQL\_MODE](/docs/server/server-management/variables-and-modes/sql_mode.md) has been changed; in particular, NOT NULL fields with no default will no longer fall back to a dummy value for inserts which do not specify a value for that field.
#### Auto\_increment
[Auto\_increment](/docs/server/reference/data-types/auto_increment.md) columns are no longer permitted in [CHECK constraints](/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/data-definition/constraint.md), [DEFAULT value expressions](/docs/server/server-usage/tables/create-table.md#default) and [virtual columns](/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/data-definition/create/generated-columns.md). They were permitted in earlier versions, but did not work correctly.
#### TLS
Starting with [MariaDB 10.2](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.2/what-is-mariadb-102.md), when the user specifies the `--ssl` option with a [client or utility](https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/docs-server/blob/test/kb/en/clients-utilities/README.md), the [client or utility](https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/docs-server/blob/test/kb/en/clients-utilities/README.md) will not [verify the server certificate](/docs/server/security/encryption/data-in-transit-encryption/secure-connections-overview.md#server-certificate-verification) by default. In order to verify the server certificate, the user must specify the `--ssl-verify-server-cert` option to the [client or utility](https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/docs-server/blob/test/kb/en/clients-utilities/README.md). For more information, see the [list of options](/docs/server/clients-and-utilities/mariadb-client/mysql-command-line-client.md#options) for the [mysql](/docs/server/clients-and-utilities/mariadb-client/mysql-command-line-client.md) client.
### Major New Features To Consider
You might consider using the following major new features in [MariaDB 10.2](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.2/what-is-mariadb-102.md):
* [Window Functions](/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/window-functions.md)
* [mysqlbinlog](/docs/server/clients-and-utilities/logging-tools/mariadb-binlog.md) now supports continuous binary log backups
* [Recursive Common Table Expressions](/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/data-manipulation/selecting-data/common-table-expressions/recursive-common-table-expressions-overview.md)
* [JSON functions](/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions.md)
* See also [System Variables Added in MariaDB 10.2](/docs/server/ha-and-performance/optimization-and-tuning/system-variables/system-and-status-variables-added-by-major-release/system-and-status-variables-added-by-major-unmaintained-release/system-variables-added-in-mariadb-102.md).
### See Also
* [The features in MariaDB 10.2](/docs/release-notes/community-server/old-releases/10.2/what-is-mariadb-102.md)
* [Upgrading from MariaDB 10.1 to MariaDB 10.2 with Galera Cluster](https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/docs-server/blob/test/server/server-management/getting-installing-and-upgrading-mariadb/upgrading/upgrading-to-unmaintained-mariadb-releases/upgrading-from-mariadb-101-to-mariadb-102-with-galera-cluster/README.md)
* [Upgrading from MariaDB 10.0 to MariaDB 10.1](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/upgrading/mariadb-community-server-upgrade-paths/upgrading-to-unmaintained-mariadb-releases/upgrading-from-mariadb-100-to-mariadb-101.md)
* [Upgrading from MariaDB 5.5 to MariaDB 10.0](/docs/server/server-management/install-and-upgrade-mariadb/upgrading/mariadb-community-server-upgrade-paths/upgrading-to-unmaintained-mariadb-releases/upgrading-from-mariadb-10-4-to-mariadb-10-5.md)
*This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL*
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