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Learn about character sets in MariaDB Server. This section details how different character sets and collations impact string storage, comparison, and sorting within your database.
Learn the core concepts of character sets and collations in MariaDB, including how they define string storage and sorting rules.
A character set is a set of characters, while a collation comprises the rules for comparing and sorting a particular character set.
For example, a subset of a character set could consist of the letters A, B and C. A default collation could define these as appearing in an ascending order of A, B, C.
If we consider different case characters, more complexity is added. A binary collation would evaluate the characters A and a differently, ordering them in a particular way. A case-insensitive collation would evaluate A and a equivalently, while the German phone book collation evaluates the characters ue and ü equivalently.
A character set can have many collations associated with it, while each collation is only associated with one character set. In MariaDB, the character set name is always part of the collation name. For example, the latin1_german1_ci collation applies only to the latin1 character set. Each character set also has one default collation. The latin1 default collation is latin1_swedish_ci.
As an example, by default, the character y comes between x and z, while in Lithuanian, it's sorted between i and k. Similarly, the German phone book order is different to the German dictionary order, so while they share the same character set, the collation is different.
The default character set is utf8mb4 and the default collation is utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci.
This may differ in some distros, see for example .
The default is latin1 and the default collation is latin1_swedish_ci.
This may differ in some distros, see for example .
You can view a full list of character sets and collations supported by MariaDB at , or see what's supported on your server with the and commands.
By default, A comes before Z, so the following evaluates to true:
By default, comparisons are case-insensitive:
Character sets and collations can be set from the server level right down to the column level, as well as for client-server communication.
For example, ue and ü are by default evaluated differently.
By using the system variable to change the connection character set to latin1_german2_ci, or German phone book, the same two characters will evaluate as equivalent.
See for more.
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
SELECT "A" < "Z";
+-----------+
| "A" < "Z" |
+-----------+
| 1 |
+-----------+SELECT "A" < "a", "A" = "a";
+-----------+-----------+
| "A" < "a" | "A" = "a" |
+-----------+-----------+
| 0 | 1 |
+-----------+-----------+SELECT 'Mueller' = 'Müller';
+----------------------+
| 'Müller' = 'Mueller' |
+----------------------+
| 0 |
+----------------------+SET collation_connection = latin1_german2_ci;
SELECT 'Mueller' = 'Müller';
+-----------------------+
| 'Mueller' = 'Müller' |
+-----------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------+Discover how MariaDB supports internationalization and localization, enabling databases to store and process data in multiple languages.
Explore MariaDB's support for Unicode, covering the differences between the utf8mb3 and utf8mb4 character sets for multi-byte storage.
Unicode is a standard for encoding text across multiple writing systems. MariaDB supports a number of character sets for storing Unicode data:
ucs2
UCS-2, each character is represented by a 2-byte code with the most significant byte first. Fixed-length 16-bit encoding.
utf8
utf8 is an alias for utf8mb3, but this can changed to ut8mb4 by changing the default value of the system variable.
utf8mb3
UTF-8 encoding using one to three bytes per character. Basic Latin letters, numbers and punctuation use one byte. European and Middle East letters mostly fit into 2 bytes. Korean, Chinese, and Japanese ideographs use 3-bytes. No supplementary characters are stored. Until , this was an alias for utf8. From , utf8 is by default an alias for utf8mb3, but this can changed to ut8mb4 by changing the default value of the system variable.
utf8mb4
Support for the UCA-14.0.0 collations was added in ().
Support for the MySQL 8.0 UCA-9-0-0 (utf8mb4_0900_...) collations will be added to .
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time, and is the internal storage format for MariaDB timestamp values.
UTC stands for Coordinated Universal Time. It is the world standard for regulating time.
MariaDB stores values internally in UTC, converting them to the required time zone as required.
In general terms it is equivalent to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), but UTC is used in technical contexts, as it is precisely defined at the subsecond level.
Time zones are offset relative to UTC. For example, time in Tonga is UTC + 13, so 03h00 UTC is 16h00 in Tonga.
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
UTF-8 encoding the same as utf8mb3 but which stores supplementary characters in four bytes.
utf16
UTF-16, same as ucs2, but stores supplementary characters in 32 bits. 16 or 32-bits.
utf32
UTF-32, fixed-length 32-bit encoding.
The LOCALES plugin enables the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.LOCALES table and SHOW LOCALES statement, allowing users to view all locales compiled into the server.
The LOCALES plugin creates the LOCALES table in the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database. The plugin also adds the SHOW LOCALES statement.The table and statement can be queried to see all locales that are compiled into the server.
Although the plugin's shared library is distributed with MariaDB by default, the plugin is not actually installed by MariaDB by default. There are two methods that can be used to install the plugin with MariaDB.
The first method can be used to install the plugin without restarting the server. You can install the plugin dynamically by executing INSTALL SONAME or . For example:
The second method can be used to tell the server to load the plugin when it starts up. The plugin can be installed this way by providing the or the options. This can be specified as a command-line argument to or it can be specified in a relevant server in an . For example:
You can uninstall the plugin dynamically by executing or . For example:
If you installed the plugin by providing the or the options in a relevant server in an , then those options should be removed to prevent the plugin from being loaded the next time the server is restarted.
localesDescription: Controls how the server should treat the plugin when the server starts up.
Valid values are:
OFF - Disables the plugin without removing it from the table.
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
ON - Enables the plugin. If the plugin cannot be initialized, then the server still continues starting up, but the plugin will be disabled.FORCE - Enables the plugin. If the plugin cannot be initialized, then the server fails to start with an error.
FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT - Enables the plugin. If the plugin cannot be initialized, then the server fails to start with an error. In addition, the plugin cannot be uninstalled with UNINSTALL SONAME or UNINSTALL PLUGIN while the server is running.
See Plugin Overview: Configuring Plugin Activation at Server Startup for more information.
Command line: --locales=value
Data Type: enumerated
Default Value: ON
Valid Values: OFF, ON, FORCE, FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
INSTALL SONAME 'locales';[mariadb]
...
plugin_load_add = localesUNINSTALL SONAME 'locales';SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.LOCALES;
+-----+-------+-------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------+--------------+------------------------+
| ID | NAME | DESCRIPTION | MAX_MONTH_NAME_LENGTH | MAX_DAY_NAME_LENGTH | DECIMAL_POINT | THOUSAND_SEP | ERROR_MESSAGE_LANGUAGE |
+-----+-------+-------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------+--------------+------------------------+
| 0 | en_US | English - United States | 9 | 9 | . | , | english |
| 1 | en_GB | English - United Kingdom | 9 | 9 | . | , | english |
| 2 | ja_JP | Japanese - Japan | 3 | 3 | . | , | japanese |
| 3 | sv_SE | Swedish - Sweden | 9 | 7 | , | | swedish |
| 4 | de_DE | German - Germany | 9 | 10 | , | . | german |
| 5 | fr_FR | French - France | 9 | 8 | , | | french |
| 6 | ar_AE | Arabic - United Arab Emirates | 6 | 8 | . | , | english |
| 7 | ar_BH | Arabic - Bahrain | 6 | 8 | . | , | english |
| 8 | ar_JO | Arabic - Jordan | 12 | 8 | . | , | english |
...
| 106 | no_NO | Norwegian - Norway | 9 | 7 | , | . | norwegian |
| 107 | sv_FI | Swedish - Finland | 9 | 7 | , | | swedish |
| 108 | zh_HK | Chinese - Hong Kong SAR | 3 | 3 | . | , | english |
| 109 | el_GR | Greek - Greece | 11 | 9 | , | . | greek |
| 110 | rm_CH | Romansh - Switzerland | 9 | 9 | , | . | english |
+-----+-------+-------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------+--------------+------------------------+Learn how to configure character sets and collations at the server, table, and column levels to ensure correct data handling.
The default character set is utf8mb4 and the default collation is utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci.
This may differ in some distros, see for example Differences in MariaDB in Debian.
The default character set is latin1 and the default collation is latin1_swedish_ci.
This may differ in some distros, see for example Differences in MariaDB in Debian.
The character sets and the collations can be specified from the server right down to the column level, as well as for client-server connections. When changing a character set and not specifying a collation, the default collation for the new character set is always used.
Character sets and collations always cascade down, so a column without a specified collation will look for the table default, the table for the database, and the database for the server. It's therefore possible to have extremely fine-grained control over all the character sets and collations used in your data.
Default collations for each character set can be viewed with the statement, for example, to find the default collation for the latin2 character set:
The system variable can be used to change the default server character set. It can be set both on startup or dynamically, with the command:
Similarly, the variable is used for setting the default server collation.
The and statements have optional character set and collation clauses. If these are left out, the server defaults are used.
To determine the default character set used by a database, use:
Alternatively, for the character set and collation:
It is also possible to specify only the collation, and, since each collation only applies to one character set, the associated character set will automatically be specified.
Although there are and system variables which can be set dynamically, these are used for determining the character set and collation for the default database, and should only be set by the server.
The and statements support optional character set and collation clauses, a MariaDB and MySQL extension to standard SQL.
If neither character set nor collation is provided, the database default will be used. If only the character set is provided, the default collation for that character set will be used . If only the collation is provided, the associated character set will be used. See .
If no collation is provided, the collation will be set to the default collation for that character set. See .
For or columns, CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET changes the data type if needed to ensure the new column is long enough to store as many characters as the original column.
For example, an ascii TEXT column requires a single byte per character, so the column can hold up to 65,535 characters. If the column is converted to utf8mb4, 4 bytes can be required for each character, so the column will be converted to to be able to hold the same number of characters.
CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET binary will convert , and columns to , and respectively, and from that point will no longer have a character set, or be affected by future CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET statements.
To avoid data type changes resulting from CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET, use MODIFY on the individual columns instead. For example:
Character sets and collations can also be specified for columns that are character types CHAR, TEXT or VARCHAR. The and statements support optional character set and collation clauses for this purpose - unlike those at the table level, the column level definitions are standard SQL.
If neither collation nor character set is provided, the table default is used. If only the character set is specified, that character set's default collation is used, while if only the collation is specified, the associated character set is used.
When using to change a column's character set, you need to ensure the character sets are compatible with your data. MariaDB will map the data as best it can, but it's possible to lose data if care is not taken.
The statement or INFORMATION SCHEMA database can be used to determine column character sets and collations.
The system variable has controlled interpretation of file names that are given as literal strings. This affects the following statements and functions:
By default, the character set and collation used for literals is determined by the and system variables. However, they can also be specified explicitly:
The character set of string literals that do not have a character set introducer is determined by the system variable.
This query always returns the same character set name in both columns.:
and are normally (e.g. during handshake, or after a SET NAMES query) are set to equal values. However, it's possible to set to different values.
Examples when setting @@character_set_client and @@character_set_connection to different values can be useful:
Example 1:
Suppose, we have a utf8 database with this table:
Now we connect to it using a client which uses the DOS character set (cp850 on a West European machine), and want to fetch all records that are equal to 'ö' according to the German phonebook rules.
It's possible with the following:
This will return:
It works as follows:
The client sends the query using cp850.
The server, when parsing the query, creates a utf8 string literal by converting 'ö' from @@character_set_client (cp850) to @@character_set_connection (utf8).
The server applies the collation utf8_german2_ci to this string literal.
Note, if we rewrite the script like this:
We get an error:
Reason:
In step #2, the literal is not converted to utf8 any more and is created using cp850.
In step #3, the server fails to apply utf8_german2_ci to an cp850 string literal.
Example 2:
Suppose we have a utf8 database and use "mysql.exe" from a West European machine again.
We can do this:
It creates a table with a column of the type VARCHAR(1) CHARACTER SET utf8.
Note, if we rewrite the query like this:
It creates a table with a column of the type VARCHAR(1) CHARACTER SET cp850, which is probably not a good idea.
Also, N or n can be used as prefix to convert a literal into the National Character set (which in MariaDB is always utf8).
For example:
The literals which occur in stored programs and views, by default, use the character set and collation which was specified by the and system variables when the stored program was created. These values can be seen using the SHOW CREATE statements. To change the character sets used for literals in an existing stored program, it is necessary to drop and recreate the stored program.
For stored routines parameters and return values, a character set and a collation can be specified via the CHARACTER SET and COLLATE clauses.
The following example shows that the character set and collation are determined at the time of creation:
The following example shows how to specify a function parameters character set and collation:
It is possible to change the default collation associated with a particular character set. The system variable accepts a comma-delimited list of character sets and new default collations, for example:
It is not possible to change the default collation associated with a particular character set.
The new variable will take effect in all cases where a character set is explicitly or implicitly specified without an explicit COLLATE clause, including but not limited to:
Column collation
Table collation
Database collation
CHAR(expr USING csname)
To change the default character set from latin1 to UTF-8, the following settings should be specified in the my.cnf configuration file.
Note that the default-character-set option is a client option, not a server option.
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
Learn how to configure the lc_messages and lc_messages_dir system variables to display server error messages in a supported local language.
MariaDB server error messages are by default in English. However, MariaDB server also supports error message localization in many different languages. Each supported language has its own version of the error message file called errmsg.sys in a dedicated directory for that language.
Error message localization is supported for the following languages:
Bulgarian
Chinese (from , , , , )
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Estonian
French
Georgian (from )
German
Greek
Hindi
Hungarian
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Norwegian
Norwegian-ny (Nynorsk)
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
Serbian
Slovak
Spanish
Swahili (from )
Swedish
Ukrainian
lc_messages and lc_messages_dir System VariablesThe and system variables can be used to set the used for error messages.
The system variable can be specified as a name. The language of the associated will be used for error messages. See for a list of supported locales and their associated languages.
The system variable is set to en_US by default, which means that error messages are in English by default.
If the system variable is set to a valid name, but the server can't find an for the language associated with the , then the default language will be used instead.
This system variable can be specified as command-line arguments to or it can be specified in a relevant server in an . For example:
The system variable can also be changed dynamically with . For example:
If a server has the system variable set to the fr_CA locale like the above example, then error messages would be in French. For example:
The system variable can be specified either as the path to the directory storing the server's or as the path to the directory storing the specific language's .
The server initially tries to interpret the value of the system variable as a path to the directory storing the server's . Therefore, it constructs the path to the language's by concatenating the value of the system variable with the language name of the specified by the system variable .
If the server does not find the for the language, then it tries to interpret the value of the system variable as a direct path to the directory storing the specific language's .
This system variable can be specified as command-line arguments to or it can be specified in a relevant server in an .
For example, to specify the path to the directory storing the server's :
Or to specify the path to the directory storing the specific language's :
The system variable can not be changed dynamically.
The option can also be used to set the server's language for error messages, but it is deprecated. It is recommended to set the system variable instead.
The option can be specified either as a language name or as the path to the directory storing the language's . See for a list of supported locales and their associated languages.
This option can be specified as command-line arguments to or it can be specified in a relevant server in an .
For example, to specify a language name:
Or to specify the path to the directory storing the language's :
The character set that the error messages are returned in is determined by the variable, which defaults to UTF8.
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
The server uses utf8_german2_ci for comparison.
CONVERT(expr USING csname)
CAST(expr AS CHAR CHARACTER SET csname)
'' - character string literal
_utf8mb3'text' - a character string literal with an introducer
_utf8mb3 X'61' - a character string literal with an introducer with hex notation
_utf8mb3 0x61 - a character string literal with an introducer with hex hybrid notation
@@collation_connection after a SET NAMES statement without COLLATE
SHOW COLLATION LIKE 'latin2%';
+---------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
| Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |
+---------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
| latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | Yes | 4 |
| latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | Yes | 1 |
+---------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+SET character_set_server = 'latin2';SET collation_server = 'latin2_czech_cs';CREATE DATABASE czech_slovak_names
CHARACTER SET = 'keybcs2'
COLLATE = 'keybcs2_bin';ALTER DATABASE czech_slovak_names COLLATE = 'keybcs2_general_ci';SHOW CREATE DATABASE czech_slovak_names;
+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| czech_slovak_names | CREATE DATABASE `czech_slovak_names` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET keybcs2 */ |
+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA;
+--------------+--------------------+----------------------------+------------------------+----------+
| CATALOG_NAME | SCHEMA_NAME | DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME | DEFAULT_COLLATION_NAME | SQL_PATH |
+--------------+--------------------+----------------------------+------------------------+----------+
| def | czech_slovak_names | keybcs2 | keybcs2_general_ci | NULL |
| def | information_schema | utf8 | utf8_general_ci | NULL |
| def | mysql | latin1 | latin1_swedish_ci | NULL |
| def | performance_schema | utf8 | utf8_general_ci | NULL |
| def | test | latin1 | latin1_swedish_ci | NULL |
+--------------+--------------------+----------------------------+------------------------+----------+CREATE DATABASE danish_names COLLATE 'utf8_danish_ci';
SHOW CREATE DATABASE danish_names;
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| danish_names | CREATE DATABASE `danish_names` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_danish_ci */ |
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+CREATE TABLE english_names (id INT, name VARCHAR(40))
CHARACTER SET 'utf8'
COLLATE 'utf8_icelandic_ci';ALTER TABLE table_name
CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name];ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY ascii_text_column TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8;
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY ascii_varchar_column VARCHAR(M) CHARACTER SET utf8;CREATE TABLE european_names (
croatian_names VARCHAR(40) COLLATE 'cp1250_croatian_ci',
greek_names VARCHAR(40) CHARACTER SET 'greek');SHOW CREATE TABLE european_names\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: european_names
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `european_names` (
`croatian_names` varchar(40) CHARACTER SET cp1250 COLLATE cp1250_croatian_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`greek_names` varchar(40) CHARACTER SET greek DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_danish_ciSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE 'european%'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
TABLE_CATALOG: def
TABLE_SCHEMA: danish_names
TABLE_NAME: european_names
COLUMN_NAME: croatian_names
ORDINAL_POSITION: 1
COLUMN_DEFAULT: NULL
IS_NULLABLE: YES
DATA_TYPE: varchar
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH: 40
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH: 40
NUMERIC_PRECISION: NULL
NUMERIC_SCALE: NULL
DATETIME_PRECISION: NULL
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: cp1250
COLLATION_NAME: cp1250_croatian_ci
COLUMN_TYPE: varchar(40)
COLUMN_KEY:
EXTRA:
PRIVILEGES: select,insert,update,references
COLUMN_COMMENT:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
TABLE_CATALOG: def
TABLE_SCHEMA: danish_names
TABLE_NAME: european_names
COLUMN_NAME: greek_names
ORDINAL_POSITION: 2
COLUMN_DEFAULT: NULL
IS_NULLABLE: YES
DATA_TYPE: varchar
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH: 40
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH: 40
NUMERIC_PRECISION: NULL
NUMERIC_SCALE: NULL
DATETIME_PRECISION: NULL
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: greek
COLLATION_NAME: greek_general_ci
COLUMN_TYPE: varchar(40)
COLUMN_KEY:
EXTRA:
PRIVILEGES: select,insert,update,references
COLUMN_COMMENT:[_charset_name]'string' [COLLATE collation_name]SELECT CHARSET('a'), @@character_set_connection;CREATE TABLE t1 (a VARCHAR(10)) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('oe'),('ö');SET @@character_set_client=cp850, @@character_set_connection=utf8;
SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a='ö' COLLATE utf8_german2_ci;+------+
| a |
+------+
| oe |
| ö |
+------+SET NAMES cp850;
SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a='ö' COLLATE utf8_german2_ci;ERROR 1253 (42000): COLLATION 'utf8_german2_ci' is not valid for CHARACTER SET 'cp850'SET @@character_set_client=cp850, @@character_set_connection=utf8;
CREATE TABLE t2 AS SELECT 'ö';SET NAMES cp850;
CREATE TABLE t2 AS SELECT 'ö';SELECT _latin2 'Müller';
+-----------+
| MĂźller |
+-----------+
| MĂźller |
+-----------+SELECT CHARSET(N'a string');
+----------------------+
| CHARSET(N'a string') |
+----------------------+
| utf8mb3 |
+----------------------+SELECT 'Mueller' = 'Müller' COLLATE 'latin1_german2_ci';
+---------------------------------------------------+
| 'Mueller' = 'Müller' COLLATE 'latin1_german2_ci' |
+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------------------------------+SELECT CHARSET(N'a string');
+----------------------+
| CHARSET(N'a string') |
+----------------------+
| utf8 |
+----------------------+SET @@local.character_set_connection='latin1';
DELIMITER ||
CREATE PROCEDURE `test`.`x`()
BEGIN
SELECT CHARSET('x');
END;
||
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
DELIMITER ;
SET @@local.character_set_connection='utf8';
CALL `test`.`x`();
+--------------+
| CHARSET('x') |
+--------------+
| latin1 |
+--------------+CREATE FUNCTION `test`.`y`(`str` TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin)
RETURNS TEXT CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin
BEGIN
SET @param_coll = COLLATION(`str`);
RETURN `str`;
END;
-- return value's collation:
SELECT COLLATION(`test`.`y`('Hello, planet!'));
+-----------------------------------------+
| COLLATION(`test`.`y`('Hello, planet!')) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| latin1_bin |
+-----------------------------------------+
-- parameter's collation:
SELECT @param_coll;
+-------------+
| @param_coll |
+-------------+
| utf8_bin |
+-------------+SET @@character_set_collations = 'utf8mb4=uca1400_ai_ci, latin2=latin2_hungarian_ci';[mysql]
...
default-character-set=utf8mb4
...
[mysqld]
...
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
...Manage time zone settings in MariaDB, including the global server time zone, session time zone, and system time zone configurations.
MariaDB keeps track of several time zone settings.
The time_zone system variable is the primary way to set the time zone. It can be specified in one of the following formats:
The default value is SYSTEM, which indicates that the system time zone defined in the system variable will be used. Note that if you are using SYSTEM with replication in either statement or mixed mode, you MUST use the same value for system_time_zone on all replicas (otherwise TIMESTAMP columns will not replicate correctly). See below for more information.
An offset from , such as +5:00 or -9:00, can also be used.
If the time zone tables in the database were loaded, then a named time zone, such as America/New_York, Africa/Johannesburg, or Europe/Helsinki, is also permissible. See below for more information.
There are two time zone settings that can be set within MariaDB--the global server time zone, and the time zone for your current session. There is also a third time zone setting which may be relevant--the system time zone.
The global server time zone can be changed at server startup by setting the --default-time-zone option either on the command-line or in a server in an . For example:
The global server time zone can also be changed dynamically by setting the system variable as a user account that has the privilege. For example:
The current global server time zone can be viewed by looking at the global value of the system variable. For example:
Each session that connects to the server will also have its own time zone. This time zone is initially inherited from the global value of the system variable, which sets the session value of the same variable.
A session's time zone can be changed dynamically by setting the system variable. For example:
The current session time zone can be viewed by looking at the session value of the system variable. For example:
The system time zone is determined when the server starts, and it sets the value of the system variable. The system time zone is usually read from the operating system's environment. You can change the system time zone in several different ways, such as:
If you are starting the server with , then you can set the system time zone with the --timezone option either on the command-line or in the [mariadbd-safe] in an . For example:
If you are using a Unix-like operating system, then you can set the system time zone by setting the TZ in your shell before starting the server. For example:
On some Linux operating systems, you can change the default time zone for the whole system by making the symbolic link point to the desired time zone. For example:
On some Debian-based Linux operating systems, you can change the default time zone for the whole system by executing the following:
On Linux operating systems that use , you can change the default time zone for the whole system by using the utility. For example:
Some functions are affected by the time zone settings. These include:
Some functions are not affected. These include:
Some data types are affected by the time zone settings.
- See for information on how this data type is affected by time zones.
- See for information on how this data type is affected by time zones.
The database contains a number of time zone tables:
By default, these time zone tables in the database are created, but not populated.
If you are using a Unix-like operating system, then you can populate these tables using the utility, which uses the data available on Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD and Solaris.
If you are using Windows, then you will need to import pre-populated time zone tables. These are available at .
Time zone data needs to be updated on occasion. When that happens, the time zone tables may need to be reloaded.
(video)
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
[mariadb]
...
lc_messages=fr_CASET GLOBAL lc_messages='fr_CA';SELECT blah;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Champ 'blah' inconnu dans field list[mariadb]
...
lc_messages_dir=/usr/share/mysql/[mariadb]
...
lc_messages_dir=/usr/share/mysql/french/[mariadb]
...
language=french[mariadb]
...
language=/usr/share/mysql/french/[mariadb]
...
default_time_zone = 'America/New_York'SET GLOBAL time_zone = 'America/New_York';SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'time_zone';
+---------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------+
| time_zone | SYSTEM |
+---------------+--------+SET time_zone = 'America/New_York';SHOW SESSION VARIABLES LIKE 'time_zone';
+---------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------+
| time_zone | SYSTEM |
+---------------+--------+[mariadbd-safe]
timezone='America/New_York'$ export TZ='America/New_York'
$ service mariadb start$ sudo rm /etc/localtime
$ sudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York /etc/localtimesudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdatasudo timedatectl set-timezone America/New_YorkView a comprehensive list of the character sets and collations available in MariaDB database, including their default properties and maximum lengths.
You can see which character sets are available in a particular version by running the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or by querying the Information Schema CHARACTER_SETS Table.
It is possible to change the default collation associated with a character set. See Changing Default Collation.
It is not possible to change the default collation associated with a character set. See Changing Default Collation
MariaDB supports the following character sets:
Note that the only supports a limited number of character sets. See .
MariaDB supports the following collations (from ):
ℹ️ The UCA-14.0.0 collations were added in .
ℹ️ Before , the utf8mb3* collations listed above were named utf8*.
ℹ️ added UCA-9.0.0 collations, as well as a Comment column to information_schema.collations, to make it clear that the UCA-9.0.0 collations are mapped to the UCA-14.0.0 collations. The UCA-9.0.0 collations have mainly been added to make it easy to replicate from MySQL 8.0 to MariaDB 11.4.5 and newer.
You can find all combinations of the supported character set and collation in the table.
A 'ci' at the end of a collation name indicates the collation is case-insensitive. A 'cs' at the end of a
collation name indicates the collation is case sensitive.
NO PAD collations regard trailing spaces as normal characters. You can get a list of all of these by querying the as follows:
An accent insensitive collation is one where the accented and unaccented versions of a letter are considered to be identical for sorting purposes.
ℹ️ added the accent insensitivity flag, and new collations are marked with '_ai' or '_as' in the name to indicate this, for example:
added 184 UCA-14.0.0 collations. Unicode-14.0.0 was released in September 2021. They contain 939 . Old collations based on UCA-4.0.0 and UCA-5.2.0 did not support built-in contractions. This is a step towards better Unicode Collation Algorithm compliance. With built-in contractions, some languages (e.g., Thai) won't need specific collations and will just work with the default "root" collation.
changed the utf8 character set by default to be an alias for utf8mb3 rather than the other way around. It can be set to imply utf8mb4 by changing the value of the system variable.
added 88 NO PAD
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
binary
Binary pseudo charset
binary
1
cp1250
Windows Central European
cp1250_general_ci
1
cp1251
Windows Cyrillic
cp1251_general_ci
1
cp1256
Windows Arabic
cp1256_general_ci
1
cp1257
Windows Baltic
cp1257_general_ci
1
cp850
DOS West European
cp850_general_ci
1
cp852
DOS Central European
cp852_general_ci
1
cp866
DOS Russian
cp866_general_ci
1
cp932
SJIS for Windows Japanese
cp932_japanese_ci
2
dec8
DEC West European
dec8_swedish_ci
1
eucjpms
UJIS for Windows Japanese
eucjpms_japanese_ci
3
euckr
EUC-KR Korean
euckr_korean_ci
2
gb2312
GB2312 Simplified Chinese
gb2312_chinese_ci
2
gbk
GBK Simplified Chinese
gbk_chinese_ci
2
geostd8
GEOSTD8 Georgian
geostd8_general_ci
1
greek
ISO 8859-7 Greek
greek_general_ci
1
hebrew
ISO 8859-8 Hebrew
hebrew_general_ci
1
hp8
HP West European
hp8_english_ci
1
keybcs2
DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak
keybcs2_general_ci
1
koi8r
KOI8-R Relcom Russian
koi8r_general_ci
1
koi8u
KOI8-U Ukrainian
koi8u_general_ci
1
latin1
cp1252 West European
latin1_swedish_ci
1
latin2
ISO 8859-2 Central European
latin2_general_ci
1
latin5
ISO 8859-9 Turkish
latin5_turkish_ci
1
latin7
ISO 8859-13 Baltic
latin7_general_ci
1
macce
Mac Central European
macce_general_ci
1
macroman
Mac West European
macroman_general_ci
1
sjis
Shift-JIS Japanese
sjis_japanese_ci
2
swe7
7bit Swedish
swe7_swedish_ci
1
tis620
TIS620 Thai
tis620_thai_ci
1
ucs2
UCS-2 Unicode
ucs2_general_ci (<= MariaDB 11.4) ucs2_uca1400_ai_ci (>=)
2
ujis
EUC-JP Japanese
ujis_japanese_ci
3
utf8
UTF-8 Unicode
utf8_general_ci
3/4 (see )
utf16
UTF-16 Unicode
utf16_general_ci (<= ) utf16_uca1400_ai_ci (>=)
4
utf16le
UTF-16LE Unicode
utf16le_general_ci
4
utf32
UTF-32 Unicode
utf32_general_ci (<= ) utf32_uca1400_ai_ci (>=)
4
utf8mb3
UTF-8 Unicode
utf8mb3_general_ci (<= ) utf8mb3_uca1400_ai_ci (>=)
3
utf8mb4
UTF-8 Unicode
utf8mb4_general_ci (<= ) utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci (>=)
4
added the utf8_thai_520_w2, utf8mb4_thai_520_w2, ucs2_thai_520_w2, utf16_thai_520_w2 and utf32_thai_520_w2 collations.
added the utf8_myanmar_ci, ucs2_myanmar_ci, utf8mb4_myanmar_ci, utf16_myanmar_ci and utf32_myanmar_ci collations.
added the utf8_german2_ci, utf8mb4_german2_ci, ucs2_german2_ci, utf16_german2_ci and utf32_german2_ci collations.
added a Croatian collation patch from Alexander Barkov to fix some problems with the Croatian character set and LIKE queries. This patch added utf8_croatian_ci and ucs2_croatian_ci collations to MariaDB.
armscii8
ARMSCII-8 Armenian
armscii8_general_ci
1
ascii
US ASCII
ascii_general_ci
1
big5
Big5 Traditional Chinese
big5_chinese_ci
2
SELECT collation_name, character_set_name as cs_name, id, is_default AS def, is_compiled AS com,
sortlen, comment FROM information_schema.collations ORDER BY collation_name;
+--------------------------------+----------+------+------+-----+---------+--------------------------------------------------+
| collation_name | cs_name | id | def | com | sortlen | comment |
+--------------------------------+----------+------+------+-----+---------+--------------------------------------------------+
| armscii8_bin | armscii8 | 64 | | Yes | 1 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian |
| armscii8_general_ci | armscii8 | 32 | Yes | Yes | 1 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian |
| armscii8_general_nopad_ci | armscii8 | 1056 | | Yes | 1 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian |
| armscii8_nopad_bin | armscii8 | 1088 | | Yes | 1 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian |
| ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | Yes | 1 | US ASCII |
| ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | Yes | Yes | 1 | US ASCII |
| ascii_general_nopad_ci | ascii | 1035 | | Yes | 1 | US ASCII |
| ascii_nopad_bin | ascii | 1089 | | Yes | 1 | US ASCII |
| big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | Yes | 1 | Big5 Traditional Chinese |
| big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Big5 Traditional Chinese |
| big5_chinese_nopad_ci | big5 | 1025 | | Yes | 1 | |
| big5_nopad_bin | big5 | 1108 | | Yes | 1 | |
| binary | binary | 63 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Binary pseudo charset |
| cp1250_bin | cp1250 | 66 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Central European |
| cp1250_croatian_ci | cp1250 | 44 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Central European |
| cp1250_czech_cs | cp1250 | 34 | | Yes | 2 | Windows Central European |
| cp1250_general_ci | cp1250 | 26 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Windows Central European |
| cp1250_general_nopad_ci | cp1250 | 1050 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Central European |
| cp1250_nopad_bin | cp1250 | 1090 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Central European |
| cp1250_polish_ci | cp1250 | 99 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Central European |
| cp1251_bin | cp1251 | 50 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Cyrillic |
| cp1251_bulgarian_ci | cp1251 | 14 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Cyrillic |
| cp1251_general_ci | cp1251 | 51 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Windows Cyrillic |
| cp1251_general_cs | cp1251 | 52 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Cyrillic |
| cp1251_general_nopad_ci | cp1251 | 1075 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Cyrillic |
| cp1251_nopad_bin | cp1251 | 1074 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Cyrillic |
| cp1251_ukrainian_ci | cp1251 | 23 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Cyrillic |
| cp1256_bin | cp1256 | 67 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Arabic |
| cp1256_general_ci | cp1256 | 57 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Windows Arabic |
| cp1256_general_nopad_ci | cp1256 | 1081 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Arabic |
| cp1256_nopad_bin | cp1256 | 1091 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Arabic |
| cp1257_bin | cp1257 | 58 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Baltic |
| cp1257_general_ci | cp1257 | 59 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Windows Baltic |
| cp1257_general_nopad_ci | cp1257 | 1083 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Baltic |
| cp1257_lithuanian_ci | cp1257 | 29 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Baltic |
| cp1257_nopad_bin | cp1257 | 1082 | | Yes | 1 | Windows Baltic |
| cp850_bin | cp850 | 80 | | Yes | 1 | DOS West European |
| cp850_general_ci | cp850 | 4 | Yes | Yes | 1 | DOS West European |
| cp850_general_nopad_ci | cp850 | 1028 | | Yes | 1 | DOS West European |
| cp850_nopad_bin | cp850 | 1104 | | Yes | 1 | DOS West European |
| cp852_bin | cp852 | 81 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Central European |
| cp852_general_ci | cp852 | 40 | Yes | Yes | 1 | DOS Central European |
| cp852_general_nopad_ci | cp852 | 1064 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Central European |
| cp852_nopad_bin | cp852 | 1105 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Central European |
| cp866_bin | cp866 | 68 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Russian |
| cp866_general_ci | cp866 | 36 | Yes | Yes | 1 | DOS Russian |
| cp866_general_nopad_ci | cp866 | 1060 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Russian |
| cp866_nopad_bin | cp866 | 1092 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Russian |
| cp932_bin | cp932 | 96 | | Yes | 1 | SJIS for Windows Japanese |
| cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | 95 | Yes | Yes | 1 | SJIS for Windows Japanese |
| cp932_japanese_nopad_ci | cp932 | 1119 | | Yes | 1 | |
| cp932_nopad_bin | cp932 | 1120 | | Yes | 1 | |
| dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | Yes | 1 | DEC West European |
| dec8_nopad_bin | dec8 | 1093 | | Yes | 1 | DEC West European |
| dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | Yes | Yes | 1 | DEC West European |
| dec8_swedish_nopad_ci | dec8 | 1027 | | Yes | 1 | DEC West European |
| eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | 98 | | Yes | 1 | UJIS for Windows Japanese |
| eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | 97 | Yes | Yes | 1 | UJIS for Windows Japanese |
| eucjpms_japanese_nopad_ci | eucjpms | 1121 | | Yes | 1 | |
| eucjpms_nopad_bin | eucjpms | 1122 | | Yes | 1 | |
| euckr_bin | euckr | 85 | | Yes | 1 | EUC-KR Korean |
| euckr_korean_ci | euckr | 19 | Yes | Yes | 1 | EUC-KR Korean |
| euckr_korean_nopad_ci | euckr | 1043 | | Yes | 1 | |
| euckr_nopad_bin | euckr | 1109 | | Yes | 1 | |
| gb2312_bin | gb2312 | 86 | | Yes | 1 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese |
| gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | 24 | Yes | Yes | 1 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese |
| gb2312_chinese_nopad_ci | gb2312 | 1048 | | Yes | 1 | |
| gb2312_nopad_bin | gb2312 | 1110 | | Yes | 1 | |
| gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | Yes | 1 | GBK Simplified Chinese |
| gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 | GBK Simplified Chinese |
| gbk_chinese_nopad_ci | gbk | 1052 | | Yes | 1 | |
| gbk_nopad_bin | gbk | 1111 | | Yes | 1 | |
| geostd8_bin | geostd8 | 93 | | Yes | 1 | GEOSTD8 Georgian |
| geostd8_general_ci | geostd8 | 92 | Yes | Yes | 1 | GEOSTD8 Georgian |
| geostd8_general_nopad_ci | geostd8 | 1116 | | Yes | 1 | GEOSTD8 Georgian |
| geostd8_nopad_bin | geostd8 | 1117 | | Yes | 1 | GEOSTD8 Georgian |
| greek_bin | greek | 70 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-7 Greek |
| greek_general_ci | greek | 25 | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-7 Greek |
| greek_general_nopad_ci | greek | 1049 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-7 Greek |
| greek_nopad_bin | greek | 1094 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-7 Greek |
| hebrew_bin | hebrew | 71 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew |
| hebrew_general_ci | hebrew | 16 | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew |
| hebrew_general_nopad_ci | hebrew | 1040 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew |
| hebrew_nopad_bin | hebrew | 1095 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew |
| hp8_bin | hp8 | 72 | | Yes | 1 | HP West European |
| hp8_english_ci | hp8 | 6 | Yes | Yes | 1 | HP West European |
| hp8_english_nopad_ci | hp8 | 1030 | | Yes | 1 | HP West European |
| hp8_nopad_bin | hp8 | 1096 | | Yes | 1 | HP West European |
| keybcs2_bin | keybcs2 | 73 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak |
| keybcs2_general_ci | keybcs2 | 37 | Yes | Yes | 1 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak |
| keybcs2_general_nopad_ci | keybcs2 | 1061 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak |
| keybcs2_nopad_bin | keybcs2 | 1097 | | Yes | 1 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak |
| koi8r_bin | koi8r | 74 | | Yes | 1 | KOI8-R Relcom Russian |
| koi8r_general_ci | koi8r | 7 | Yes | Yes | 1 | KOI8-R Relcom Russian |
| koi8r_general_nopad_ci | koi8r | 1031 | | Yes | 1 | KOI8-R Relcom Russian |
| koi8r_nopad_bin | koi8r | 1098 | | Yes | 1 | KOI8-R Relcom Russian |
| koi8u_bin | koi8u | 75 | | Yes | 1 | KOI8-U Ukrainian |
| koi8u_general_ci | koi8u | 22 | Yes | Yes | 1 | KOI8-U Ukrainian |
| koi8u_general_nopad_ci | koi8u | 1046 | | Yes | 1 | KOI8-U Ukrainian |
| koi8u_nopad_bin | koi8u | 1099 | | Yes | 1 | KOI8-U Ukrainian |
| latin1_bin | latin1 | 47 | | Yes | 1 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | 15 | | Yes | 1 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_general_ci | latin1 | 48 | | Yes | 1 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_general_cs | latin1 | 49 | | Yes | 1 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | 5 | | Yes | 1 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | 31 | | Yes | 2 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_nopad_bin | latin1 | 1071 | | Yes | 1 | |
| latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | 94 | | Yes | 1 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | 8 | Yes | Yes | 1 | cp1252 West European |
| latin1_swedish_nopad_ci | latin1 | 1032 | | Yes | 1 | |
| latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-2 Central European |
| latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-2 Central European |
| latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | Yes | 4 | ISO 8859-2 Central European |
| latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-2 Central European |
| latin2_general_nopad_ci | latin2 | 1033 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-2 Central European |
| latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-2 Central European |
| latin2_nopad_bin | latin2 | 1101 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-2 Central European |
| latin5_bin | latin5 | 78 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish |
| latin5_nopad_bin | latin5 | 1102 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish |
| latin5_turkish_ci | latin5 | 30 | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish |
| latin5_turkish_nopad_ci | latin5 | 1054 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish |
| latin7_bin | latin7 | 79 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic |
| latin7_estonian_cs | latin7 | 20 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic |
| latin7_general_ci | latin7 | 41 | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic |
| latin7_general_cs | latin7 | 42 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic |
| latin7_general_nopad_ci | latin7 | 1065 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic |
| latin7_nopad_bin | latin7 | 1103 | | Yes | 1 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic |
| macce_bin | macce | 43 | | Yes | 1 | Mac Central European |
| macce_general_ci | macce | 38 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Mac Central European |
| macce_general_nopad_ci | macce | 1062 | | Yes | 1 | Mac Central European |
| macce_nopad_bin | macce | 1067 | | Yes | 1 | Mac Central European |
| macroman_bin | macroman | 53 | | Yes | 1 | Mac West European |
| macroman_general_ci | macroman | 39 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Mac West European |
| macroman_general_nopad_ci | macroman | 1063 | | Yes | 1 | Mac West European |
| macroman_nopad_bin | macroman | 1077 | | Yes | 1 | Mac West European |
| sjis_bin | sjis | 88 | | Yes | 1 | Shift-JIS Japanese |
| sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | 13 | Yes | Yes | 1 | Shift-JIS Japanese |
| sjis_japanese_nopad_ci | sjis | 1037 | | Yes | 1 | |
| sjis_nopad_bin | sjis | 1112 | | Yes | 1 | |
| swe7_bin | swe7 | 82 | | Yes | 1 | 7bit Swedish |
| swe7_nopad_bin | swe7 | 1106 | | Yes | 1 | 7bit Swedish |
| swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | 10 | Yes | Yes | 1 | 7bit Swedish |
| swe7_swedish_nopad_ci | swe7 | 1034 | | Yes | 1 | 7bit Swedish |
| tis620_bin | tis620 | 89 | | Yes | 1 | TIS620 Thai |
| tis620_nopad_bin | tis620 | 1113 | | Yes | 1 | |
| tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | 18 | Yes | Yes | 4 | TIS620 Thai |
| tis620_thai_nopad_ci | tis620 | 1042 | | Yes | 4 | |
| uca1400_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_croatian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_czech_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_danish_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_esperanto_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_estonian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_german2_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_hungarian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_icelandic_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_latvian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_lithuanian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_persian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_polish_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_romanian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_roman_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_sinhala_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovak_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_slovenian_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish2_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_spanish_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_swedish_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_turkish_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_nopad_ai_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_nopad_ai_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_nopad_as_ci | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| uca1400_vietnamese_nopad_as_cs | NULL | NULL | NULL | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_bin | ucs2 | 90 | | Yes | 1 | UCS-2 Unicode |
| ucs2_croatian_ci | ucs2 | 640 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_croatian_mysql561_ci | ucs2 | 149 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_czech_ci | ucs2 | 138 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_danish_ci | ucs2 | 139 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_esperanto_ci | ucs2 | 145 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_estonian_ci | ucs2 | 134 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_general_ci | ucs2 | 35 | Yes | Yes | 1 | UCS-2 Unicode |
| ucs2_general_mysql500_ci | ucs2 | 159 | | Yes | 1 | |
| ucs2_general_nopad_ci | ucs2 | 1059 | | Yes | 1 | |
| ucs2_german2_ci | ucs2 | 148 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_hungarian_ci | ucs2 | 146 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_icelandic_ci | ucs2 | 129 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_latvian_ci | ucs2 | 130 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_lithuanian_ci | ucs2 | 140 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_myanmar_ci | ucs2 | 641 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_nopad_bin | ucs2 | 1114 | | Yes | 1 | |
| ucs2_persian_ci | ucs2 | 144 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_polish_ci | ucs2 | 133 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_romanian_ci | ucs2 | 131 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_roman_ci | ucs2 | 143 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_sinhala_ci | ucs2 | 147 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_slovak_ci | ucs2 | 141 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_slovenian_ci | ucs2 | 132 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_spanish2_ci | ucs2 | 142 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_spanish_ci | ucs2 | 135 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_swedish_ci | ucs2 | 136 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_thai_520_w2 | ucs2 | 642 | | Yes | 4 | |
| ucs2_turkish_ci | ucs2 | 137 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_unicode_520_ci | ucs2 | 150 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_unicode_520_nopad_ci | ucs2 | 1174 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_unicode_ci | ucs2 | 128 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_unicode_nopad_ci | ucs2 | 1152 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ucs2_vietnamese_ci | ucs2 | 151 | | Yes | 8 | |
| ujis_bin | ujis | 91 | | Yes | 1 | EUC-JP Japanese |
| ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | 12 | Yes | Yes | 1 | EUC-JP Japanese |
| ujis_japanese_nopad_ci | ujis | 1036 | | Yes | 1 | |
| ujis_nopad_bin | ujis | 1115 | | Yes | 1 | |
| utf16le_bin | utf16le | 62 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-16LE Unicode |
| utf16le_general_ci | utf16le | 56 | Yes | Yes | 1 | UTF-16LE Unicode |
| utf16le_general_nopad_ci | utf16le | 1080 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-16LE Unicode |
| utf16le_nopad_bin | utf16le | 1086 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-16LE Unicode |
| utf16_bin | utf16 | 55 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-16 Unicode |
| utf16_croatian_ci | utf16 | 672 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_croatian_mysql561_ci | utf16 | 122 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_czech_ci | utf16 | 111 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_danish_ci | utf16 | 112 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_esperanto_ci | utf16 | 118 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_estonian_ci | utf16 | 107 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_general_ci | utf16 | 54 | Yes | Yes | 1 | UTF-16 Unicode |
| utf16_general_nopad_ci | utf16 | 1078 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-16 Unicode |
| utf16_german2_ci | utf16 | 121 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_hungarian_ci | utf16 | 119 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_icelandic_ci | utf16 | 102 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_latvian_ci | utf16 | 103 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_lithuanian_ci | utf16 | 113 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_myanmar_ci | utf16 | 673 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_nopad_bin | utf16 | 1079 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-16 Unicode |
| utf16_persian_ci | utf16 | 117 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_polish_ci | utf16 | 106 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_romanian_ci | utf16 | 104 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_roman_ci | utf16 | 116 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_sinhala_ci | utf16 | 120 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_slovak_ci | utf16 | 114 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_slovenian_ci | utf16 | 105 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_spanish2_ci | utf16 | 115 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_spanish_ci | utf16 | 108 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_swedish_ci | utf16 | 109 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_thai_520_w2 | utf16 | 674 | | Yes | 4 | |
| utf16_turkish_ci | utf16 | 110 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_unicode_520_ci | utf16 | 123 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_unicode_520_nopad_ci | utf16 | 1147 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_unicode_ci | utf16 | 101 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_unicode_nopad_ci | utf16 | 1125 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf16_vietnamese_ci | utf16 | 124 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_bin | utf32 | 61 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-32 Unicode |
| utf32_croatian_ci | utf32 | 736 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_croatian_mysql561_ci | utf32 | 181 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_czech_ci | utf32 | 170 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_danish_ci | utf32 | 171 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_esperanto_ci | utf32 | 177 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_estonian_ci | utf32 | 166 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_general_ci | utf32 | 60 | Yes | Yes | 1 | UTF-32 Unicode |
| utf32_general_nopad_ci | utf32 | 1084 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-32 Unicode |
| utf32_german2_ci | utf32 | 180 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_hungarian_ci | utf32 | 178 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_icelandic_ci | utf32 | 161 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_latvian_ci | utf32 | 162 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_lithuanian_ci | utf32 | 172 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_myanmar_ci | utf32 | 737 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_nopad_bin | utf32 | 1085 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-32 Unicode |
| utf32_persian_ci | utf32 | 176 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_polish_ci | utf32 | 165 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_romanian_ci | utf32 | 163 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_roman_ci | utf32 | 175 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_sinhala_ci | utf32 | 179 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_slovak_ci | utf32 | 173 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_slovenian_ci | utf32 | 164 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_spanish2_ci | utf32 | 174 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_spanish_ci | utf32 | 167 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_swedish_ci | utf32 | 168 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_thai_520_w2 | utf32 | 738 | | Yes | 4 | |
| utf32_turkish_ci | utf32 | 169 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_unicode_520_ci | utf32 | 182 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_unicode_520_nopad_ci | utf32 | 1206 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_unicode_ci | utf32 | 160 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_unicode_nopad_ci | utf32 | 1184 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf32_vietnamese_ci | utf32 | 183 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_bin | utf8mb3 | 83 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-8 Unicode |
| utf8mb3_croatian_ci | utf8mb3 | 576 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_croatian_mysql561_ci | utf8mb3 | 213 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_czech_ci | utf8mb3 | 202 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_danish_ci | utf8mb3 | 203 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_esperanto_ci | utf8mb3 | 209 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_estonian_ci | utf8mb3 | 198 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_general_ci | utf8mb3 | 33 | Yes | Yes | 1 | UTF-8 Unicode |
| utf8mb3_general_mysql500_ci | utf8mb3 | 223 | | Yes | 1 | |
| utf8mb3_general_nopad_ci | utf8mb3 | 1057 | | Yes | 1 | |
| utf8mb3_german2_ci | utf8mb3 | 212 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_hungarian_ci | utf8mb3 | 210 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_icelandic_ci | utf8mb3 | 193 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_latvian_ci | utf8mb3 | 194 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb3 | 204 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_myanmar_ci | utf8mb3 | 577 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_nopad_bin | utf8mb3 | 1107 | | Yes | 1 | |
| utf8mb3_persian_ci | utf8mb3 | 208 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_polish_ci | utf8mb3 | 197 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_romanian_ci | utf8mb3 | 195 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_roman_ci | utf8mb3 | 207 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_sinhala_ci | utf8mb3 | 211 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_slovak_ci | utf8mb3 | 205 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_slovenian_ci | utf8mb3 | 196 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_spanish2_ci | utf8mb3 | 206 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_spanish_ci | utf8mb3 | 199 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_swedish_ci | utf8mb3 | 200 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_thai_520_w2 | utf8mb3 | 578 | | Yes | 4 | |
| utf8mb3_turkish_ci | utf8mb3 | 201 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb3 | 214 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_unicode_520_nopad_ci | utf8mb3 | 1238 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_unicode_ci | utf8mb3 | 192 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_unicode_nopad_ci | utf8mb3 | 1216 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb3_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb3 | 215 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 255 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_0900_as_ci | utf8mb4 | 305 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_nopad_as_ci |
| utf8mb4_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 278 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_0900_bin | utf8mb4 | 309 | | Yes | 1 | Alias for utf8mb4_bin |
| utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-8 Unicode |
| utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | 608 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_croatian_mysql561_ci | utf8mb4 | 245 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_cs_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 266 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_czech_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_cs_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 289 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_czech_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_da_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 267 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_danish_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_da_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 290 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_danish_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_de_pb_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 256 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_german2_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_de_pb_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 279 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_german2_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_eo_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 273 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_esperanto_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_eo_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 296 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_esperanto_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_es_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 263 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_spanish_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_es_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 286 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_spanish_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_es_trad_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 270 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_spanish2_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_es_trad_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 293 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_spanish2_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_et_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 262 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_estonian_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_et_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 285 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_estonian_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | Yes | Yes | 1 | UTF-8 Unicode |
| utf8mb4_general_nopad_ci | utf8mb4 | 1069 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-8 Unicode |
| utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf8mb4 | 244 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_hr_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 275 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_croatian_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_hr_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 298 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_croatian_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_hu_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 274 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_hungarian_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_hu_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 297 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_hungarian_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_is_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 257 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_icelandic_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_is_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 280 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_icelandic_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_la_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 271 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_roman_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_la_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 294 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_roman_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_lt_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 268 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_lithuanian_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_lt_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 291 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_lithuanian_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_lv_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 258 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_latvian_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_lv_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 281 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_latvian_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_myanmar_ci | utf8mb4 | 609 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_nopad_bin | utf8mb4 | 1070 | | Yes | 1 | UTF-8 Unicode |
| utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_pl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 261 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_polish_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_pl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 284 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_polish_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_ro_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 259 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_romanian_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_ro_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 282 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_romanian_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_sk_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 269 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_slovak_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_sk_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 292 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_slovak_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_sl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 260 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_slovenian_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_sl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 283 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_slovenian_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_sv_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 264 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_swedish_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_sv_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 287 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_swedish_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_thai_520_w2 | utf8mb4 | 610 | | Yes | 4 | |
| utf8mb4_tr_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 265 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_turkish_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_tr_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 288 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_turkish_nopad_as_cs |
| utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | 246 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_unicode_520_nopad_ci | utf8mb4 | 1270 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_unicode_nopad_ci | utf8mb4 | 1248 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb4 | 247 | | Yes | 8 | |
| utf8mb4_vi_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 277 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_vietnamese_nopad_ai_ci |
| utf8mb4_vi_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 300 | | Yes | 8 | Alias for utf8mb4_uca1400_vietnamese_nopad_as_cs |
+--------------------------------+----------+------+------+-----+---------+--------------------------------------------------+
550 rows in set (0.005 sec)SELECT collation_name FROM information_schema.COLLATIONS
WHERE collation_name LIKE "%nopad%";
+------------------------------+
| collation_name |
+------------------------------+
| big5_chinese_nopad_ci |
| big5_nopad_bin |
......
| uca1400_spanish2_ai_ci |
| uca1400_spanish2_ai_cs |
| uca1400_spanish2_as_ci |
| uca1400_spanish2_as_cs |
...Server locale settings control the language for date and time functions via lc_time_names and the language for error messages via lc_messages.
The lc_time_names server system variable sets the language used by the date and time functions DAYNAME(), MONTHNAME(), and DATE_FORMAT(), and the lc_messages sets the language for error messages.
The list of the locales supported by the current MariaDB installation can be obtained via the LOCALES plugin.
MariaDB supports the following locale values:
ar_AE
Arabic
United Arab Emirates
Setting the and variables to localize the units of date and time, and the server error messages.
This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL
ar_BH
Arabic
Bahrain
ar_DZ
Arabic
Algeria
ar_EG
Arabic
Egypt
ar_IN
Arabic
Iran
ar_IQ
Arabic
Iraq
ar_JO
Arabic
Jordan
ar_KW
Arabic
Kuwait
ar_LB
Arabic
Lebanon
ar_LY
Arabic
Libya
ar_MA
Arabic
Morocco
ar_OM
Arabic
Oman
ar_QA
Arabic
Qatar
ar_SA
Arabic
Saudi Arabia
ar_SD
Arabic
Sudan
ar_SY
Arabic
Syria
ar_TN
Arabic
Tunisia
ar_YE
Arabic
Yemen
be_BY
Belarusian
Belarus
bg_BG
Bulgarian
Bulgaria
ca_ES
Catalan
Catalan
cs_CZ
Czech
Czech Republic
da_DK
Danish
Denmark
de_AT
German
Austria
de_BE
German
Belgium
de_CH
German
Switzerland
de_DE
German
Germany
de_LU
German
Luxembourg
el_GR
Greek
Greece
en_AU
English
Australia
en_CA
English
Canada
en_GB
English
United Kingdom
en_IN
English
India
en_NZ
English
New Zealand
en_PH
English
Philippines
en_US
English
United States
en_ZA
English
South Africa
en_ZW
English
Zimbabwe
es_AR
Spanish
Argentina
es_BO
Spanish
Bolivia
es_CL
Spanish
Chile
es_CO
Spanish
Columbia
es_CR
Spanish
Costa Rica
es_DO
Spanish
Dominican Republic
es_EC
Spanish
Ecuador
es_ES
Spanish
Spain
es_GT
Spanish
Guatemala
es_HN
Spanish
Honduras
es_MX
Spanish
Mexico
es_NI
Spanish
Nicaragua
es_PA
Spanish
Panama
es_PE
Spanish
Peru
es_PR
Spanish
Puerto Rico
es_PY
Spanish
Paraguay
es_SV
Spanish
El Salvador
es_US
Spanish
United States
es_UY
Spanish
Uruguay
es_VE
Spanish
Venezuela
et_EE
Estonian
Estonia
eu_ES
Basque
Basque
fi_FI
Finnish
Finland
fo_FO
Faroese
Faroe Islands
fr_BE
French
Belgium
fr_CA
French
Canada
fr_CH
French
Switzerland
fr_FR
French
France
fr_LU
French
Luxembourg
gl_ES
Galician
Galician
gu_IN
Gujarati
India
he_IL
Hebrew
Israel
hi_IN
Hindi
India
hr_HR
Croatian
Croatia
hu_HU
Hungarian
Hungary
id_ID
Indonesian
Indonesia
is_IS
Icelandic
Iceland
it_CH
Italian
Switzerland
it_IT
Italian
Italy
ja_JP
Japanese
Japan
ka_GE
Georgian
Georgia (From )
ko_KR
Korean
Republic of Korea
lt_LT
Lithuanian
Lithuania
lv_LV
Latvian
Latvia
mk_MK
Macedonian
FYROM
mn_MN
Mongolia
Mongolian
ms_MY
Malay
Malaysia
nb_NO
Norwegian(Bokmål)
Norway
nl_BE
Dutch
Belgium
nl_NL
Dutch
The Netherlands
no_NO
Norwegian
Norway
pl_PL
Polish
Poland
pt_BR
Portugese
Brazil
pt_PT
Portugese
Portugal
rm_CH
Romansh
Switzerland
ro_RO
Romanian
Romania
ru_RU
Russian
Russia
ru_UA
Russian
Ukraine
sk_SK
Slovak
Slovakia
sl_SI
Slovenian
Slovenia
sq_AL
Albanian
Albania
sr_YU
Serbian
Serbia (Deprecated in and removed in )
sv_FI
Swedish
Finland
sv_SE
Swedish
Sweden
sw_KE
Swahili
Kenya (from )
ta_IN
Tamil
India
te_IN
Telugu
India
th_TH
Thai
Thailand
tr_TR
Turkish
Turkey
uk_UA
Ukrainian
Ukraine
ur_PK
Urdu
Pakistan
vi_VN
Vietnamese
Viet Nam
zh_CN
Chinese
China
zh_HK
Chinese
Hong Kong
zh_TW
Chinese
Taiwan Province of China
SELECT DAYNAME('2013-04-01'), MONTHNAME('2013-04-01');
+-----------------------+-------------------------+
| DAYNAME('2013-04-01') | MONTHNAME('2013-04-01') |
+-----------------------+-------------------------+
| Monday | April |
+-----------------------+-------------------------+
SET lc_time_names = 'fr_CA';
SELECT DAYNAME('2013-04-01'), MONTHNAME('2013-04-01');
+-----------------------+-------------------------+
| DAYNAME('2013-04-01') | MONTHNAME('2013-04-01') |
+-----------------------+-------------------------+
| lundi | avril |
+-----------------------+-------------------------+
SELECT blah;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'blah' in 'field' list'
SET lc_messages = 'nl_NL';
SELECT blah;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Onbekende kolom 'blah' in field list