String Literals

Strings are sequences of characters and enclosed with quotes.

The syntax is:

For example:

Strings can either be enclosed in single quotes or in double quotes (the same character must be used to both open and close the string).

The ANSI SQL-standard does not permit double quotes for enclosing strings, and although MariaDB does by default, if the MariaDB server has enabled the ANSI_QUOTES_SQL SQL_MODE, double quotes will be treated as being used for identifiers instead of strings.

Strings that are next to each other are automatically concatenated. The following are equivalent:

The \ (backslash character) is used to escape characters (unless the SQL_MODE hasn't been set to NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES):

That is not a valid string because of the single quote in the middle of the string, which is treated as if it closes the string, but is actually meant as part of the string, an apostrophe. The backslash character helps in situations like this:

That is now a valid string, and if displayed, will appear without the backslash.

Another way to escape the quoting character is repeating it twice:

Escape Sequences

There are other escape sequences:

Escaping the % and _ characters can be necessary when using the operator, which treats them as special characters.

The ASCII 26 character (\Z) needs to be escaped when included in a batch file which needs to be executed in Windows. The reason is that ASCII 26, in Windows, is the end of file (EOF).

Backslash (\), if not used as an escape character, must always be escaped. When followed by a character that is not in the above table, backslashes will simply be ignored.

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