REFERENCES Privilege

GRANT

The following examples demonstrate grant of a single privilege. A single GRANT statement can grant multiple privileges at the same scope by providing a comma-separated list of the privileges.

To grant the REFERENCES privilege at global scope, replace the user specification ('USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME') in the following query to align to your requirements:

GRANT REFERENCES
  ON *.*
  TO 'USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME';

To grant the REFERENCES privilege at database scope, replace the user specification ('USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME') and database name (DATABASE_NAME) in the following query to align to your requirements:

GRANT REFERENCES
  ON DATABASE_NAME.*
  TO 'USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME';

To grant the REFERENCES privilege at table scope, replace the user specification ('USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME'), database name (DATABASE_NAME), and table name (TABLE_NAME) in the following query to align to your requirements:

GRANT REFERENCES
  ON DATABASE_NAME.TABLE_NAME
  TO 'USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME';

REVOKE

The following examples demonstrate revoke of a single previously-granted privilege. A single REVOKE statement can revoke multiple privileges at the same scope by providing a comma-separated list of the privileges.

To revoke the REFERENCES privilege at global scope, replace the user specification ('USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME') in the following query to align to your requirements:

REVOKE REFERENCES
  ON *.*
  FROM 'USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME';

To revoke the REFERENCES privilege at database scope, replace the user specification ('USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME') and database name (DATABASE_NAME) in the following query to align to your requirements:

REVOKE REFERENCES
  ON DATABASE_NAME.*
  FROM 'USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME';

To revoke the REFERENCES privilege at table scope, replace the user specification ('USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME'), database name (DATABASE_NAME), and table name (TABLE_NAME) in the following query to align to your requirements:

REVOKE REFERENCES
  ON DATABASE_NAME.TABLE_NAME
  FROM 'USERNAME'@'HOSTNAME';

SHOW Output

A user's privileges can be displayed using the SHOW GRANTS statement.

If the REFERENCES privilege is present, it will be shown as REFERENCES in the output. For example:

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'app_user'@'192.0.2.%';

+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for app_user@192.0.2.%                            |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REFERENCES ON `app_db`.* TO 'app_user'@'192.0.2.%' |
+----------------------------------------------------------+

Privilege Failure

The REFERENCES privilege results in no failures since it makes no changes in operation.