Comments - Problems With Character Set
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You don't specify your old MariaDB versions or what you're using to connect, but this appears to be a problem with your Connector.
From MariaDB 10.6, utf8 became a default for utfmb3. You can use the old_mode system variable to change the default to utf8mb4.
Also see this Stack Overflow discussion.
The MariaDB cluster I have in the production environment is currently running version 10.3.27-MariaDB-0+deb10u1 on Debian 10, and I need to migrate to version 10.11.5-MariaDB-1:10.11.5+mariadeb10. In the current production version, the default character set system is "utf8," while in the new version, it defaults to "utf8mb3." Despite my attempts, I haven't been able to change it. I've noticed that the discussions I've found are more geared towards standalone versions, whereas my situation involves a cluster.