> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://mariadb.com/docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure.md).

# SQL Language Structure

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/dRWeGkozIrPrW3YvW0Io" %}
[Binary Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/binary-literals.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Binary literal syntax in MariaDB: b'value', B'value', and 0bvalue.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/Pm7aymBQBUZAfEToMQxM" %}
[Date and Time Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/date-and-time-literals.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Syntax for DATE, TIME, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP literals, including SQL- standard and ODBC forms.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/x6OyxRvOFetIhgMiH0fY" %}
[Hexadecimal Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/hexadecimal-literals.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Hexadecimal literal syntax in MariaDB, such as x'value' and 0xvalue.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/hmDdVB1s6O8pmQhXPBVH" %}
[Identifier Case Sensitivity](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-case-sensitivity.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
How identifier case sensitivity depends on the object type and the operating system.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/7h62HPQKGIrjaXcDd27Y" %}
[Identifier Names](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-names.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Rules for naming identifiers such as databases, tables, columns, and other objects.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/oCzhRBEdfTrKTbeVeNYK" %}
[Identifier Qualifiers](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-qualifiers.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Using qualifiers (such as db.table.column) to reference database objects in SQL.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/SDrW07DoNOCN1wkmR75f" %}
[Identifier to File Name Mapping](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-to-file-name-mapping.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
How MariaDB maps identifiers to file names on disk.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/NQQ04J1PHfGoKIm8t9J4" %}
[Numeric Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/numeric-iterals.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Numeric literal syntax for integers and decimals, including signs and exponents.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/Zto8VX9wEmTPw6gM1m3b" %}
[Reserved Words](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/reserved-words.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
The list of reserved words in MariaDB.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/uNe0W3TdRibvP9dOowfV" %}
[Boolean Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/sql-language-structure-boolean-literals.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Boolean literals: TRUE and FALSE as synonyms for 1 and 0.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/Ef0JiGvwMDtrQjipWPqd" %}
[Schema Qualifiers](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/schema-qualifiers.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Schema qualifiers manage SQL mode dependent behavior for data types and functions.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/5G4BAcA61S9GxpKDSs9g" %}
[String Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/string-literals.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
String literal syntax, quoting, and escape sequences.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/ywlH5LrNdvYPN9aReGgh" %}
[Table Value Constructors](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/table-value-constructors.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
The VALUES table value constructor, which produces a set of rows.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}

{% columns %}
{% column %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/7vNQ4dD13JwVx8khaR1e" %}
[User-Defined Variables](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/user-defined-variables.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% endcolumn %}

{% column %}
Session-scoped user-defined variables (@var), and how to set and use them.
{% endcolumn %}
{% endcolumns %}