SQL_MODE
MariaDB supports several different modes which allow you to tune it to suit your needs.
The most important ways for doing this are using SQL_MODE
and OLD_MODE. SQL_MODE
is used for getting MariaDB to emulate behavior from other SQL servers, while OLD_MODE is used for emulating behavior from older MariaDB or MySQL versions.
SQL_MODE
is a string with different options separated by commas (',
') without spaces. The options are case insensitive.
You can check the local and global value of it with:
SELECT @@SQL_MODE, @@GLOBAL.SQL_MODE;
Setting SQL_MODE
Since MariaDB 10.1.7, SQL_MODE is by default set to NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER
. For earlier versions, no default is set.
You can set the SQL_MODE
either from the
command line (the --sql-mode
option) or by setting the sql_mode system variable.
SET sql_mode = 'modes'; SET GLOBAL sql_mode = 'modes';
The session value only affects the current client, and can be changed by the client when required. To set the global value, the SUPER privilege is required, and the change affects any clients that connect from that point on.
SQL_MODE values
The different SQL_MODE
values are:
Option | Description |
---|---|
ALLOW_INVALID_DATES | Allow any day between 1-31 in the day part. This is convenient when you want to read in all (including wrong data) into the database and then manipulate it there. |
ANSI | Changes the SQL syntax to be closer to ANSI SQL. Sets:REAL_AS_FLOAT, PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE It also adds a restriction: an error will be returned if a subquery uses an aggregating function with a reference to a column from an outer query in a way that cannot be resolved. |
ANSI_QUOTES | Changes " to be treated as ` , the identifier quote character. This may break old MariaDB applications which assume that " is used as a string quote character. |
DB2 | Same as:PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, DB2, NO_KEY_OPTIONS, NO_TABLE_OPTIONS, NO_FIELD_OPTIONS |
ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO | If not set, division by zero returns NULL. If set, returns a warning as well. Also see MDEV-8319. |
HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE | Compatibility option for MySQL 5.0.1 and before; This changes NOT a BETWEEN b AND c to be parsed as (NOT a) BETWEEN a AND c |
IGNORE_BAD_TABLE_OPTIONS | If this is set generate a warning (not an error) for wrong table option in CREATE TABLE. Also, since 10.0.13, do not comment out these wrong table options in SHOW CREATE TABLE. |
IGNORE_SPACE | Allow one to have spaces (including tab characters and new line characters) between function name and '('. The drawback is that this causes built in functions to become reserved words. |
MAXDB | Same as:PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, MAXDB, NO_KEY_OPTIONS, NO_TABLE_OPTIONS, NO_FIELD_OPTIONS, NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER |
MSSQL | Same as:PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, MSSQL, NO_KEY_OPTIONS, NO_TABLE_OPTIONS, NO_FIELD_OPTIONS |
MYSQL323 | Same as:NO_FIELD_OPTIONS, HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE |
MYSQL40 | Same as:NO_FIELD_OPTIONS, HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE |
NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER | Don't automatically create users with GRANT . Produce a 1133 error: "Can't find any matching row in the user table". Default since MariaDB 10.1.7. |
NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO | If set don't generate an AUTO_INCREMENT on INSERT of zero in an AUTO_INCREMENT column. Normally both zero and NULL generate new AUTO_INCREMENT values. |
NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES | Disables using the backslash character \ as an escape character within strings, making it equivalent to an ordinary character. |
NO_DIR_IN_CREATE | Ignore all INDEX DIRECTORY and DATA DIRECTORY directives when creating a table. Can be useful on slave replication servers. |
NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | If not set, if the available storage engine specified by a CREATE TABLE is not available, a warning is given and the default storage engine is used instead. If set, generate a 1286 error when creating a table if the specified storage engine is not available. See also enforce_storage_engine. Default since MariaDB 10.1.7. |
NO_FIELD_OPTIONS | Remove MariaDB-specific column options from the output of SHOW CREATE TABLE . This is also used by the portability mode of mysqldump. |
NO_KEY_OPTIONS | Remove MariaDB-specific index options from the output of SHOW CREATE TABLE . This is also used by the portability mode of mysqldump. |
NO_TABLE_OPTIONS | Remove MariaDB-specific table options from the output of SHOW CREATE TABLE . This is also used by the portability mode of mysqldump. |
NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION | When enabled, subtraction results are signed even if the operands are unsigned. |
NO_ZERO_DATE | Don't allow '000-00-00' as a valid date in strict mode (produce a 1525 error). Zero dates can be inserted with IGNORE . If not in strict mode, a warning is generated. |
NO_ZERO_IN_DATE | Don't allow dates where the year is not zero but the month or day parts of the date are zero (produce a 1525 error). For example, with this set, '0000-00-00' is allowed, but '1970-00-10' or '1929-01-00' are not. If the ignore option is used, MariaDB will insert '0000-00-00' for those types of dates. If not in strict mode, a warning is generated instead. |
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY | For SELECT ... GROUP BY queries, disallow SELECTing columns which are not referred to in the GROUP BY clause, unless they are passed to an aggregate function like COUNT() or MAX(). Produce a 1055 error. |
ORACLE | Same as:PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, ORACLE, NO_KEY_OPTIONS, NO_TABLE_OPTIONS, NO_FIELD_OPTIONS,N O_AUTO_CREATE_USER |
PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH | Trailing spaces in CHAR columns are by default trimmed upon retrieval. With PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH enabled, no trimming occurs. Does not apply to VARCHARs. |
PIPES_AS_CONCAT | Allows using the pipe character (ASCII 124) as string concatenation operator. |
POSTGRESQL | Same as:PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, POSTGRESQL, NO_KEY_OPTIONS, NO_TABLE_OPTIONS, NO_FIELD_OPTIONS |
REAL_AS_FLOAT | REAL is a synonym for FLOAT rather than DOUBLE. |
STRICT_ALL_TABLES | Strict mode. Statements with invalid or missing data are aborted and rolled back. For a non-transactional storage engine with a statement affecting multiple rows, this may mean a partial insert or update if the error is found in a row beyond the first. |
STRICT_TRANS_TABLES | Strict mode. Statements with invalid or missing data are aborted and rolled back, except that for non-transactional storage engines and statements affecting multiple rows where the invalid or missing data is not the first row, MariaDB will convert the invalid value to the closest valid value, or, if a value is missing, insert the column default value. |
TRADITIONAL | Makes MariaDB work like a traditional SQL server. Same as:STRICT_TRANS_TABLES, STRICT_ALL_TABLES, NO_ZERO_IN_DATE, NO_ZERO_DATE, ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO, TRADITIONAL, NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER |
Strict mode
A mode where at least one of STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
or STRICT_ALL_TABLES
is enabled is called strict mode. With strict mode not set (the default), MariaDB will automatically adjust invalid values, for example, truncating strings that are too long, or adjusting numeric values that are out of range, and produce a warning.
With strict mode set, the statements will fail, and an error will be returned instead. The IGNORE keyword can be used when strict mode is set to convert the error to a warning.
SQL_MODE and stored programs
Stored programs and views always use the SQL_MODE that was active when they were created. This means that users can safely change session or global SQL_MODE; the stored programs they use will still work as usual.
It is possible to change session SQL_MODE within a stored program. In this case, the new SQL_MODE will be in effect only in the body of the current stored program. If it calls some stored procedures, they will not be affected by the change.
Some Information Schema tables (such as ROUTINES) and SHOW CREATE statements such as SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE show the SQL_MODE used by the stored programs.
Examples
This example shows how to get a readable list of enabled SQL_MODE flags:
SELECT REPLACE(@@SQL_MODE, ',', '\n'); +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | REPLACE(@@SQL_MODE, ',', '\n') | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | STRICT_TRANS_TABLES NO_ZERO_IN_DATE NO_ZERO_DATE NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Adding a new flag:
SET @@SQL_MODE = CONCAT(@@SQL_MODE, ',NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION');
If the specified flag is already ON, the above example has no effect but does not produce an error.
How to unset a flag:
SET @@SQL_MODE = REPLACE(@@SQL_MODE, 'NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION', '');
How to check if a flag is set:
SELECT @@SQL_MODE LIKE '%NO_ZERO_DATE%'; +----------------------------------+ | @@SQL_MODE LIKE '%NO_ZERO_DATE%' | +----------------------------------+ | 1 | +----------------------------------+
Without and with strict mode:
CREATE TABLE strict (s CHAR(5), n TINYINT); INSERT INTO strict VALUES ('MariaDB', '128'); Query OK, 1 row affected, 2 warnings (0.14 sec) SHOW WARNINGS; +---------+------+--------------------------------------------+ | Level | Code | Message | +---------+------+--------------------------------------------+ | Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 's' at row 1 | | Warning | 1264 | Out of range value for column 'n' at row 1 | +---------+------+--------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) SELECT * FROM strict; +-------+------+ | s | n | +-------+------+ | Maria | 127 | +-------+------+ SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'; INSERT INTO strict VALUES ('MariaDB', '128'); ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 's' at row 1
Overriding strict mode with the IGNORE keyword:
INSERT IGNORE INTO strict VALUES ('MariaDB', '128'); Query OK, 1 row affected, 2 warnings (0.15 sec)