> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://mariadb.com/docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/table-value-constructors.md).

# Table Value Constructors

## Syntax

```bnf
VALUES ( row_value[, row_value...]), (...)...
```

## Description

In Unions, Views, and subqueries, a Table Value Constructor (TVC) allows you to inject arbitrary values into the result set. The given values must have the same number of columns as the result set, otherwise it returns [Error 1222](/docs/server/reference/error-codes/mariadb-error-codes-1200-to-1299/e1222.md).

## Examples

Using TVC's with [UNION](/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/data-manipulation/selecting-data/set-operations/union.md) operations:

```sql
CREATE TABLE test.t1 (val1 INT, val2 INT);
INSERT INTO test.t1 VALUES(5, 8), (3, 4), (1, 2);

SELECT * FROM test.t1
UNION
VALUES (70, 90), (100, 110);

+------+------+
| val1 | val2 |
+------+------+
|    5 |    8 | 
|    3 |    4 |
|    1 |    2 |
|   70 |   90 |
|  100 |  110 |
+------+------+
```

Using TVCs with a [CREATE VIEW](/docs/server/server-usage/views/create-view.md) statement:

```sql
CREATE VIEW v1 AS VALUES (7, 9), (9, 10);

SELECT * FROM v1;
+---+----+
| 7 |  9 |
+---+----+
| 7 |  9 |
| 9 | 10 |
+---+----+
```

Using TVC with an [ORDER BY](/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/data-manipulation/selecting-data/order-by.md) clause:

```sql
SELECT * FROM test.t1
UNION
VALUES (10, 20), (30, 40), (50, 60), (70, 80)
ORDER BY val1 DESC;
```

Using TVC with [LIMIT](/docs/server/reference/sql-statements/data-manipulation/selecting-data/limit.md) clause:

```sql
SELECT * FROM test.t1
UNION
VALUES (10, 20), (30, 40), (50, 60), (70, 80)
LIMIT 2 OFFSET 4;

+------+------+
| val1 | val2 |
+------+------+
|   30 |   40 | 
|   50 |   60 |
+------+------+
```

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