# SQL Structure

- [SQL Language Structure](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure.md): Explore the SQL language structure in MariaDB Server. This section provides fundamental concepts, syntax rules, and common elements that form the building blocks of SQL queries and commands.
- [Binary Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/binary-literals.md)
- [Date and Time Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/date-and-time-literals.md)
- [Hexadecimal Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/hexadecimal-literals.md)
- [Identifier Case Sensitivity](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-case-sensitivity.md)
- [Identifier Names](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-names.md)
- [Identifier Qualifiers](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-qualifiers.md)
- [Identifier to File Name Mapping](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/identifier-to-file-name-mapping.md)
- [Numeric Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/numeric-iterals.md)
- [Reserved Words](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/reserved-words.md)
- [Boolean Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/sql-language-structure-boolean-literals.md)
- [Schema Qualifiers](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/schema-qualifiers.md): Schema qualifiers manage SQL mode dependent behavior for data types and functions.
- [String Literals](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/string-literals.md)
- [Table Value Constructors](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/table-value-constructors.md)
- [User-Defined Variables](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sql-language-structure/user-defined-variables.md)
- [Joins, Subqueries, and Set](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/joins-subqueries-set.md): Explore joins, subqueries, and set operations in MariaDB SQL. This section details how to combine data from multiple tables, nest queries, and perform set-based operations for complex data retrieval.
- [Geometry](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry.md): Explore geometric data types and functions in MariaDB Server. This section details how to store, query, and manipulate spatial data, enabling geospatial applications within your database.
- [Geometry Hierarchy](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/geometry-hierarchy.md)
- [Geometry Types](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/geometry-types.md)
- [GIS Features](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/gis-features-in-533.md)
- [GIS Resources](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/gis-resources.md)
- [SPATIAL INDEX](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/geometry/spatial-index.md)
- [NoSQL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql.md): Explore MariaDB Server's NoSQL capabilities. This section details how to store and query schemaless data, including JSON, and how to integrate with other NoSQL data sources, enhancing flexibility.
- [Dynamic Columns](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/dynamic-columns.md)
- [Dynamic Column API](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/dynamic-column-api.md)
- [HANDLER](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handler.md): Explore the HANDLER statement in MariaDB Server for direct table access. This section details how to bypass the SQL optimizer for low-level row operations, useful for specific NoSQL-like interactions.
- [HANDLER](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handler/handler-commands.md)
- [HANDLER for MEMORY Tables](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handler/handler-for-memory-tables.md)
- [HandlerSocket](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket.md): Explore HandlerSocket for MariaDB Server. This plugin enables high-performance NoSQL-like access directly to InnoDB tables, bypassing SQL parsing for fast key-value operations.
- [HandlerSocket Installation](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-installation.md)
- [HandlerSocket Client Libraries](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-client-libraries.md)
- [HandlerSocket Configuration Options](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-configuration-options.md)
- [HandlerSocket External Resources](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/nosql/handlersocket/handlersocket-external-resources.md)
- [Operators](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators.md): Learn about operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators used in expressions and conditions for data manipulation and querying.
- [Operator Precedence](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/operator-precedence.md): Understand operator precedence in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details the order in which operators are evaluated within expressions, crucial for writing accurate and predictable queries.
- [Arithmetic Operators](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators.md): Learn about arithmetic operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details how to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division within your queries.
- [Addition Operator (+)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/addition-operator.md)
- [Subtraction Operator (-)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/subtraction-operator.md)
- [Multiplication Operator (\*)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/multiplication-operator.md)
- [Division Operator (/)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/division-operator.md)
- [Modulo Operator (%)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/arithmetic-operators/modulo-operator.md)
- [Assignment Operators](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/assignment-operators.md): Learn about assignment operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details how to assign values to variables and columns, essential for data manipulation and programmatic logic.
- [Assignment Operator (:=)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/assignment-operators/assignment-operator.md)
- [Assignment Operator (=)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/assignment-operators/assignment-operators-assignment-operator.md)
- [Comparison Operators](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators.md): Learn about comparison operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details operators like =, >, <, and LIKE used to compare values in conditions, essential for filtering and joining data.
- [BETWEEN AND](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/between-and.md)
- [COALESCE](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/coalesce.md)
- [=](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/equal.md)
- [>=](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/greater-than-or-equal.md)
- [>](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/greater-than.md)
- [GREATEST](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/greatest.md)
- [IN](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/in.md)
- [INTERVAL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/interval.md)
- [IS JSON](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-json.md)
- [IS NOT NULL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-not-null.md)
- [IS NOT](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-not.md)
- [IS NULL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is-null.md)
- [IS](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/is.md)
- [ISNULL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/isnull.md)
- [LEAST](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/least.md)
- [<=](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/less-than-or-equal.md)
- [<](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/less-than.md)
- [NOT BETWEEN](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/not-between.md)
- [!=](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/not-equal.md)
- [NOT IN](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/not-in.md)
- [<=>](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/comparison-operators/null-safe-equal.md)
- [Logical Operators](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators.md): Learn about logical operators in MariaDB Server SQL. This section details operators like AND, OR, and NOT used to combine or negate conditions, essential for complex filtering and data selection.
- [&&](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/and.md)
- [!](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/not.md)
- [||](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/or.md)
- [XOR](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/operators/logical-operators/xor.md)
- [Sequences](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences.md): Learn about sequences in MariaDB Server. This section details how to create and manage sequences for generating unique numbers, often used for primary keys and other auto-incrementing values.
- [Sequence Overview](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-overview.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/alter-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/create-sequence.md): Create a sequence generator. This statement initializes a sequence object that produces a series of unique numeric values on demand.
- [DROP SEQUENCE](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/drop-sequence.md)
- [SEQUENCE Functions](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions.md): Learn about sequence functions in MariaDB Server. This section details SQL functions for retrieving the next or current value from a sequence, crucial for generating unique identifiers.
- [LASTVAL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/lastval.md)
- [NEXT VALUE FOR](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/next-value-for-sequence_name.md)
- [NEXTVAL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/nextval.md)
- [PREVIOUS VALUE FOR](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/previous-value-for-sequence_name.md)
- [SETVAL](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/sequences/sequence-functions/setval.md)
- [Temporal Tables](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables.md): Explore temporal tables in MariaDB Server. This section details how to manage data with system-versioning and application-time periods, enabling historical data tracking and time-aware queries.
- [Application-Time Periods](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables/application-time-periods.md)
- [Bitemporal Tables](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables/bitemporal-tables.md)
- [System-Versioned Tables](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/temporal-tables/system-versioned-tables.md): Complete system-versioned tables: WITH SYSTEM VERSIONING syntax, FOR SYSTEM\_TIME AS OF/BETWEEN/ALL queries, and ROW\_START/ROW\_END columns.
- [Vectors](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors.md): Explore vector data types. This section details how to store and manage numerical arrays, enabling efficient vector similarity search and machine learning applications within your database.
- [Vector Overview](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector-overview.md): Official MariaDB Vector reference: VECTOR(n) data type, VECTOR INDEX (M, DISTANCE=euclidean|cosine), VEC\_FromText() inserts, VEC\_DISTANCE() queries.
- [CREATE TABLE with Vectors](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/create-table-with-vectors.md): Create tables optimized for vector storage. Learn to define columns with the VECTOR data type and configure vector indexes for similarity search.
- [Vector System Variables](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector-system-variables.md)
- [Vector Framework Integrations](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector-framework-integrations.md)
- [VECTOR](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/vector.md)
- [Optimizing Hybrid Search Query with Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF)](/docs/server/reference/sql-structure/vectors/optimizing-hybrid-search-query-with-reciprocal-rank-fusion-rrf.md)