Deploy Galera Cluster Topology with Enterprise Server 10.5

Overview

This procedure describes the deployment of the Galera Cluster topology with MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5 and MariaDB MaxScale 2.5.

MariaDB Enterprise Cluster is powered by Galera.

MariaDB Enterprise Cluster provides read scalability and fault tolerance through virtually synchronous multi-primary certification-based write-set replication (wsrep).

This procedure has 6 steps, which are executed in sequence.

MariaDB products can be deployed in many different topologies to suit specific use cases. Enterprise Cluster can be deployed on its own, or integrated with MariaDB Replication to integrate with other clusters or topologies.

This procedure represents basic product capability with 3 Enterprise Cluster nodes and 1 MaxScale node.

This page provides an overview of the topology, requirements, and deployment procedures.

Please read and understand this procedure before executing.

Support

Customers can obtain support by submitting a support case.

Components

The following components are deployed during this procedure:

Component

Function

MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5

Modern SQL RDBMS with high availability, pluggable storage engines, hot online backups, and audit logging.

MariaDB MaxScale 2.5

Database proxy that extends the availability, scalability, and security of MariaDB Enterprise Servers

MariaDB Enterprise Server Components

Component

Description

Enterprise Cluster

  • MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5 leverages the Galera Enterprise 4 wsrep provider plugin

  • Provides virtually synchronous multi-primary replication for MariaDB Enterprise Server

  • All nodes can handle both reads and writes

  • Replicates write-sets to all other nodes in the cluster

  • Supports data-at-rest encryption of the write-set cache

InnoDB

  • General purpose storage engine

  • ACID-compliant

  • Performance

  • Required for Enterprise Cluster

MariaDB MaxScale Components

Component

Description

Galera Monitor

Tracks changes in the state of MariaDB Enterprise Servers operating as Enterprise Cluster nodes

Listener

Listens for client connections to MaxScale, then passes them to the router service associated with the listener

Read Connection Router

Routes connections from the listener to any available Enterprise Cluster node

Read/Write Split Router

Routes read operations from the listener to any available Enterprise Cluster node, and routes write operations from the listener to a specific server that MaxScale uses as the primary server

Server Module

Connection configuration in MaxScale to an Enterprise Cluster node

Topology

Enterprise Cluster Topology

MariaDB Enterprise Cluster topology provides read scalability through certification-based write-set replication (wsrep) that is multi-primary and virtually synchronous.

The Enterprise Cluster topology consists of:

  • 1 or more MaxScale nodes

  • 3 or more MariaDB Enterprise Servers (ES) configured as Enterprise Cluster nodes

The MaxScale nodes:

  • Monitor the health and availability of each Enterprise Cluster node using the Galera Monitor (galeramon)

  • Accept client and application connections

  • Route queries to the Enterprise Cluster nodes using the Read Connection (readconnroute) or the Read/Write Split (readwritesplit) routers.

The Enterprise Cluster nodes:

  • Receive queries from MaxScale

  • Store data locally using the InnoDB storage engine

  • Perform certification-based virtually synchronous replication to other Enterprise Cluster nodes

  • Provide State Snapshot Transfers (SST) to bring MariaDB Enterprise Server nodes into sync with the cluster

Requirements

These requirements are for the Galera Cluster topology when deployed with MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5 and MariaDB MaxScale 2.5.

Node Count

  • MaxScale nodes, 1 or more are required.

  • Enterprise Cluster nodes, 3 or more are required.

To avoid problems in establishing a quorum in the event of a network partition or outage, MariaDB recommends deploying an odd number of Enterprise Cluster nodes. When using multiple network switches, deploy across an odd number of switches, each with an odd number of nodes. When using multiple data centers, deploy across an odd number of data centers, each with an odd number of switches.

Operating System

In alignment to the enterprise lifecycle, the Galera Cluster topology with MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.5 and MariaDB MaxScale 2.5 is provided for:

  • AlmaLinux 8 (x86_64, ARM64)

  • AlmaLinux 9 (x86_64, ARM64)

  • Debian 11 (x86_64, ARM64)

  • Debian 12 (x86_64, ARM64)

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (x86_64, ARM64)

  • Rocky Linux 8 (x86_64, ARM64)

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 (x86_64)

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 (x86_64, ARM64)

  • Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (x86_64, ARM64)

Quick Reference

MariaDB Enterprise Server Configuration Management

Method

Description

Configuration File

Configuration files (such as /etc/my.cnf) can be used to set system-variables and options. The server must be restarted to apply changes made to configuration files.

Command-line

The server can be started with command-line options that set system-variables and options.

SQL

Users can set system-variables that support dynamic changes on-the-fly using the SET statement.

MariaDB Enterprise Server packages are configured to read configuration files from different paths, depending on the operating system. Making custom changes to Enterprise Server default configuration files is not recommended because custom changes may be overwritten by other default configuration files that are loaded later.

To ensure that your custom changes will be read last, create a custom configuration file with the z- prefix in one of the include directories.

Distribution

Example Configuration File Path

  • CentOS

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)

/etc/my.cnf.d/z-custom-mariadb.cnf

  • Debian

  • Ubuntu

/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/z-custom-mariadb.cnf

MariaDB Enterprise Server Service Management

The systemctl command is used to start and stop the MariaDB Enterprise Server service. The galera_new_cluster and galera_recovery scripts are used for Enterprise Cluster-specific operations.

Operation

Command

Start

sudo systemctl start mariadb

Stop

sudo systemctl stop mariadb

Restart

sudo systemctl restart mariadb

Enable during startup

sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Disable during startup

sudo systemctl disable mariadb

Status

sudo systemctl status mariadb

Bootstrap a cluster node

sudo galera_new_cluster

Recover a cluster node's position

sudo galera_recovery

For additional information, see "Start and Stop Services".

MariaDB Enterprise Server Logs

MariaDB Enterprise Server produces log data that can be helpful in problem diagnosis.

Log filenames and locations may be overridden in the server configuration. The default location of logs is the data directory. The data directory is specified by the datadir system variable.

Log

System Variable/Option

Default Filename

MariaDB Error Log

log_error

<hostname>.err

MariaDB Enterprise Audit Log

server_audit_file_path

server_audit.log

Slow Query Log

slow_query_log_file

<hostname>-slow.log

General Query Log

general_log_file

<hostname>.log

Binary Log

log_bin

<hostname>-bin

MaxScale Configuration Management

MaxScale can be configured using several methods. These methods make use of MaxScale's REST API.

Method

Benefits

MaxCtrl

Command-line utility to perform administrative tasks through the REST API. See MaxCtrl Commands.

MaxGUI

MaxGUI is a graphical utility that can perform administrative tasks through the REST API.

REST API

The REST API can be used directly. For example, the curl utility could be used to make REST API calls from the command-line. Many programming languages also have libraries to interact with REST APIs.

The procedure on these pages configures MaxScale using MaxCtrl.

MaxScale Service Management

The systemctl command is used to start and stop the MaxScale service.

Operation

Command

Start

sudo systemctl start maxscale

Stop

sudo systemctl stop maxscale

Restart

sudo systemctl restart maxscale

Enable during startup

sudo systemctl enable maxscale

Disable during startup

sudo systemctl disable maxscale

Status

sudo systemctl status maxscale

For additional information, see "Start and Stop Services".