# Binary Log

The binary log (binlog) contains a record of all changes to the databases.

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{% content-ref url="binary-log/overview-of-the-binary-log" %}
[overview-of-the-binary-log](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/overview-of-the-binary-log)
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Introduction to the purpose and structure of the binary log, explaining how it records data changes (DML[^1]) and structure changes (DDL[^2]) for replication and recovery.
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{% content-ref url="binary-log/activating-the-binary-log" %}
[activating-the-binary-log](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/activating-the-binary-log)
{% endcontent-ref %}
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Instructions for enabling the binary log using the `--log-bin` option and configuring the log file basename and index file.
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{% content-ref url="binary-log/binary-log-formats" %}
[binary-log-formats](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/binary-log-formats)
{% endcontent-ref %}
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Detailed comparison of the three binary logging formats: Statement-based (SBR), Row-based (RBR), and Mixed, including their pros, cons, and configuration via binlog\_format.
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{% column %}
{% content-ref url="binary-log/using-and-maintaining-the-binary-log" %}
[using-and-maintaining-the-binary-log](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/using-and-maintaining-the-binary-log)
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Complete binary log maintenance: `PURGE BINARY LOGS`/`RESET MASTER`, `expire_logs_days` & `binlog_expire_logs_seconds`, `FLUSH BINARY LOGS`, and `SHOW SLAVE STATUS`.
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{% column %}
{% content-ref url="binary-log/innodb-based-binary-log" %}
[innodb-based-binary-log](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/innodb-based-binary-log)
{% endcontent-ref %}
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MariaDB 12.3 introduces a new binary log implementation that stores binlog events directly in InnoDB-managed tablespaces instead of separate files on disk.
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{% column %}
{% content-ref url="binary-log/compressing-events-to-reduce-size-of-the-binary-log" %}
[compressing-events-to-reduce-size-of-the-binary-log](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/compressing-events-to-reduce-size-of-the-binary-log)
{% endcontent-ref %}
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Guide to using the `log_bin_compress` system variable to compress binary log events, reducing storage usage and network bandwidth during replication.
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{% column %}
{% content-ref url="binary-log/flashback" %}
[flashback](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/flashback)
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Explains how to use the Flashback feature (via `mysqlbinlog --flashback`) to rollback transactions by reversing the binary log events, useful for recovering from accidental data modifications.
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{% column %}
{% content-ref url="binary-log/group-commit-for-the-binary-log" %}
[group-commit-for-the-binary-log](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/group-commit-for-the-binary-log)
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Describes the group commit optimization, which improves performance by committing multiple transactions to the binary log in a single disk I/O operation.
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{% content-ref url="binary-log/relay-log" %}
[relay-log](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/relay-log)
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Overview of the relay log, a set of log files created by a replica server to store events received from the primary's binary log before executing them.
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{% column %}
{% content-ref url="binary-log/selectively-skipping-replication-of-binlog-events" %}
[selectively-skipping-replication-of-binlog-events](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/server-management/server-monitoring-logs/binary-log/selectively-skipping-replication-of-binlog-events)
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Learn techniques to bypass specific replication events. This guide explains how to ignore individual transactions or errors to restore replication flow after a stoppage.
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[^1]: DML (Data Manipulation Language): The subset of SQL commands used to add, modify, retrieve, or delete data within existing database tables.

[^2]: DDL (Data Definition Language): The subset of SQL commands used to create, modify, or destroy the structure of database objects (like tables, indexes, and databases) rather than the data itself.