The Ultimate Guide to High Availability with MariaDB

FLUSH

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Syntax

FLUSH [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL]
    flush_option [, flush_option] ...

or when flushing tables:

FLUSH [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL] TABLES [table_list]  [table_flush_option]

Contents

  1. Syntax
  2. Description
  3. FLUSH RELAY LOGS
    1. Compatibility with MySQL
  4. FLUSH STATUS
    1. Global Status Variables that Support FLUSH STATUS
  5. The different usage of FLUSH TABLES
    1. Purpose of FLUSH TABLES
    2. Purpose of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    3. Purpose of FLUSH TABLES table_list
    4. Purpose of FLUSH TABLES table_list WITH READ LOCK
  6. Implementation of FLUSH TABLES commands from MariaDB 10.4.8
    1. Implementation of FLUSH TABLES
    2. Implementation of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    3. Implementation of FLUSH TABLES table_list
    4. Implementation of FLUSH TABLES table_list FOR EXPORT
  7. FLUSH SSL
  8. Reducing Memory Usage

where table_list is a list of tables separated by , (comma).

Description

The FLUSH statement clears or reloads various internal caches used by MariaDB. To execute FLUSH, you must have the RELOAD privilege. See GRANT.

The RESET statement is similar to FLUSH. See RESET.

You cannot issue a FLUSH statement from within a stored function or a trigger. Doing so within a stored procedure is permitted, as long as it is not called by a stored function or trigger. See Stored Routine Limitations, Stored Function Limitations and Trigger Limitations.

If a listed table is a view, an error like the following will be produced:

ERROR 1347 (HY000): 'test.v' is not BASE TABLE

By default, FLUSH statements are written to the binary log and will be replicated. The NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG keyword (LOCAL is an alias) will ensure the statement is not written to the binary log.




The different flush options are:



OptionDescription
CHANGED_PAGE_BITMAPSXtraDB only. Internal command used for backup purposes. See the Information Schema CHANGED_PAGE_BITMAPS Table.
CLIENT_STATISTICSReset client statistics (see SHOW CLIENT_STATISTICS).
DES_KEY_FILEReloads the DES key file (Specified with the --des-key-file startup option).
HOSTSFlush the hostname cache (used for converting ip to host names and for unblocking blocked hosts. See max_connect_errors and performance_schema.host_cache
INDEX_STATISTICSReset index statistics (see SHOW INDEX_STATISTICS).
[ERROR | ENGINE | GENERAL | SLOW | RELAY] LOGSClose and reopen the specified log type, or all log types if none are specified. FLUSH RELAY LOGS [connection-name] can be used to flush the relay logs for a specific connection. Only one connection can be specified per FLUSH command. See Multi-source replication. FLUSH ENGINE LOGS will delete all unneeded Aria redo logs. FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID=(list-of-domains) can be used to discard obsolete GTID domains from the server's binary log state. In order for this to be successful, no event group from the listed GTID domains can be present in existing binary log files. If some still exist, then they must be purged prior to executing this command. If the command completes successfully, then it also rotates the binary log.
BINARY LOGSFLUSH BINARY LOGS rotates the current binary log.
BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID=(list-of-domains)FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID can be used to discard obsolete GTID domains from the server's binary log state. In order for this to be successful, no event group from the listed GTID domains can be present in existing binary log files. If some still exist, then they must be purged prior to executing this command. If the command completes successfully, then it also rotates the binary log.
MASTERDeprecated option, use RESET MASTER instead.
PRIVILEGESReload all privileges from the privilege tables in the mysql database. If the server is started with --skip-grant-table option, this will activate the privilege tables again.
QUERY CACHEDefragment the query cache to better utilize its memory. If you want to reset the query cache, you can do it with RESET QUERY CACHE.
QUERY_RESPONSE_TIMESee the QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME plugin.
SLAVEDeprecated option, use RESET REPLICA or RESET SLAVE instead.
SSLUsed to dynamically reinitialize the server's TLS context by reloading the files defined by several TLS system variables. See FLUSH SSL for more information.
[ GLOBAL | SESSION ] STATUSResets all server status variables that can be reset to 0. Not all global status variables support this, so not all global values are reset. From MariaDB 11.5, GLOBAL or SESSION can be specified. See FLUSH STATUS for more information.
TABLEClose tables given as options or all open tables if no table list was used. From MariaDB 10.4.1, using without any table list will only close tables not in use, and tables not locked by the FLUSH TABLES connection. If there are no locked tables, FLUSH TABLES will be instant and will not cause any waits, as it no longer waits for tables in use. When a table list is provided, from MariaDB 10.4.1, the server will wait for the end of any transactions that are using the tables. Previously, FLUSH TABLES only waited for the statements to complete.
TABLESSame as FLUSH TABLE.
TABLES ... FOR EXPORTFor InnoDB tables, flushes table changes to disk to permit binary table copies while the server is running. See FLUSH TABLES ... FOR EXPORT for more.
TABLES WITH READ LOCKCloses all open tables. New tables are only allowed to be opened with read locks until an UNLOCK TABLES is given.
TABLES WITH READ LOCK AND DISABLE CHECKPOINTAs TABLES WITH READ LOCK but also disable all checkpoint writes by transactional table engines. This is useful when doing a disk snapshot of all tables.
TABLE_STATISTICSReset table statistics (see SHOW TABLE_STATISTICS).
USER_RESOURCESResets all per hour user resources. This enables clients that have exhausted their resources to connect again.
USER_STATISTICSReset user statistics (see SHOW USER_STATISTICS).
USER_VARIABLESReset user variables (see User-defined variables).

You can also use the mariadb-admin client to flush things. Use mariadb-admin --help to examine what flush commands it supports.

FLUSH RELAY LOGS

FLUSH RELAY LOGS 'connection_name';

Compatibility with MySQL

MariaDB starting with 10.7.0

The FOR CHANNEL keyword was added for MySQL compatibility. This is identical to using the channel_name directly after the FLUSH command.

For example, one can now use:

FLUSH RELAY LOGS FOR CHANNEL 'connection_name';

FLUSH STATUS

Server status variables can be reset by executing the following:

FLUSH STATUS;

This requires the RELOAD privilege

Until MariaDB 11.5, the variables flushed are mainly session, but also some global. Not all session (or global) variables are flushed - the decision was made per variable.

MariaDB starting with 11.5

From MariaDB 11.5 it is possible to specify FLUSH GLOBAL or FLUSH SESSION. Flushing of global status variables has been moved to FLUSH GLOBAL STATUS (in MariaDB 11.5, this flushes only the global variables previously flushed by FLUSH STATUS. In MariaDB 11.6 it is intended for this to reset all global summary variables.) FLUSH SESSION STATUS is a synonym for FLUSH STATUS.

Global Status Variables that Support FLUSH STATUS

Not all global status variables support being reset by FLUSH STATUS. Currently, the following is an incomplete list of status variables are reset by FLUSH GLOBAL STATUS in 11.5 or FLUSH STATUS in earlier versions:

The different usage of FLUSH TABLES

Purpose of FLUSH TABLES

The purpose of FLUSH TABLES is to clean up the open table cache and table definition cache of tables that are not in use. This frees up memory and file descriptors. Normally this is not needed as the caches works on a first-in, first-out basis, but can be useful if the server seems to use too much memory for some reason.

Purpose of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK

FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK is useful if you want to take a backup of some tables. When FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK returns, all write access to tables is blocked and all tables are marked as 'properly closed' on disk. The tables can still be used for read operations.

Purpose of FLUSH TABLES table_list

FLUSH TABLES table_list is useful if you want to copy a table object or files to or from the server. This command puts a lock that stops new users of the table and will wait until everyone has stopped using the table. The table is then removed from the table definition and table cache.

Note that it's up to the user to ensure that no one is accessing the table between FLUSH TABLES and the table is copied to or from the server. This can be secured by using LOCK TABLES.

If there are any tables locked by the connection that is using FLUSH TABLES all the locked tables will be closed as part of the flush and reopened and relocked before FLUSH TABLES returns. This allows one to copy the table after FLUSH TABLES returns without having any writes on the table. For now this works works with most tables, except InnoDB as InnoDB may do background purges on the table even while it's write locked.

Purpose of FLUSH TABLES table_list WITH READ LOCK

FLUSH TABLES table_list WITH READ LOCK should work as FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK, but only those tables that are listed will be properly closed. However in practice this works exactly like FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK as the FLUSH command has anyway to wait for all WRITE operations to end because we are depending on a global read lock for this code. In the future we should consider fixing this to instead use meta data locks.

Implementation of FLUSH TABLES commands from MariaDB 10.4.8

Implementation of FLUSH TABLES

  • Free memory and file descriptors not in use

Implementation of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK

  • Lock all tables read only for simple old style backup.
  • All background writes are suspended and tables are marked as closed.
  • No statement requiring table changes are allowed for any user until UNLOCK TABLES.

Instead of using FLUSH TABLE WITH READ LOCK one should in most cases instead use BACKUP STAGE BLOCK_COMMIT.

Implementation of FLUSH TABLES table_list

  • Free memory and file descriptors for tables not in use from table list.
  • Lock given tables as read only.
  • Wait until all translations has ended that uses any of the given tables.
  • Wait until all background writes are suspended and tables are marked as closed.

Implementation of FLUSH TABLES table_list FOR EXPORT

  • Free memory and file descriptors for tables not in use from table list
  • Lock given tables as read.
  • Wait until all background writes are suspended and tables are marked as closed.
  • Check that all tables supports FOR EXPORT
  • No changes to these tables allowed until UNLOCK TABLES

This is basically the same behavior as in old MariaDB version if one first lock the tables, then do FLUSH TABLES. The tables will be copyable until UNLOCK TABLES.

FLUSH SSL

In MariaDB 10.4 and later, the FLUSH SSL command can be used to dynamically reinitialize the server's TLS context. This is most useful if you need to replace a certificate that is about to expire without restarting the server.

This operation is performed by reloading the files defined by the following TLS system variables:

These TLS system variables are not dynamic, so their values can not be changed without restarting the server.

If you want to dynamically reinitialize the server's TLS context, then you need to change the certificate and key files at the relevant paths defined by these TLS system variables, without actually changing the values of the variables. See MDEV-19341 for more information.

Reducing Memory Usage

To flush some of the global caches that take up memory, you could execute the following command:

FLUSH LOCAL HOSTS,
   QUERY CACHE, 
   TABLE_STATISTICS, 
   INDEX_STATISTICS, 
   USER_STATISTICS;

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