Server System Variables

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About the Server System Variables

MariaDB has many system variables that can be changed to suit your needs.

The full list of server variables are listed in the contents on this page, and most are described on this page, but some are described elsewhere:

Most of these can be set with command line options and many of them can be changed at runtime.

There are a few ways to see the full list of server system variables:

While in the mysql client, run:

SHOW VARIABLES;

See SHOW VARIABLES for instructions on using this command.

From your shell, run mysqld like so:

mysqld --verbose --help

View the Information Schema GLOBAL_VARIABLES, SESSION_VARIABLES, and SYSTEM_VARIABLES tables.

Setting Server System Variables

There are several ways to set server system variables:

Specify them on the command line:

shell> ./mysqld_safe --aria_group_commit="hard"

Specify them in your my.cnf file (see Configuring MariaDB with my.cnf for more information):

aria_group_commit = "hard"

Set them from the mysql client using the SET command. Only variables that are dynamic can be set at runtime in this way. Note that variables set in this way will not persist after a restart.

SET GLOBAL aria_group_commit="hard";

By convention, server variables have usually been specified with an underscore in the configuration files, and a dash on the command line. You can however specify underscores as dashes - they are interchangeable.

List of Server System Variables

`autocommit`

Description: If set to 1, the default, all queries are committed immediately. If set to 0, they are only committed upon a COMMIT statement, or rolled back with a ROLLBACK statement. If autocommit is set to 0, and then changed to 1, all open transactions are immediately committed.
Commandline: --autocommit[=#]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`automatic_sp_privileges`

Description: When set to 1, the default, when a stored routine is created, the creator is automatically granted permission to ALTER (which includes dropping) and to EXECUTE the routine. If set to 0, the creator is not automatically granted these privileges.
Commandline: --automatic-sp-privileges, --skip-automatic-sp-privileges
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`back_log`

Description: Connections take a small amount of time to start, and this setting determines the number of outstanding connection requests MariaDB can have, or the size of the listen queue for incoming TCP/IP requests. Requests beyond this will be refused. Increase if you expect short bursts of connections. Cannot be set higher than the operating system limit (see the Unix listen() man page).
Commandline: --back-log=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: number
Default Value: 50 (before MariaDB 10.0.8) or the lower of 150 or the value of max_connections (from MariaDB 10.0.8)

`basedir`

Description: Path to the MariaDB installation directory. Other paths are usually resolved relative to this base directory.
Commandline: --basedir=path or -b path
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: directory name

`big_tables`

Description: Old variable, which if set to 1, allows large result sets by saving all temporary sets to disk, avoiding 'table full' errors. No longer needed, as the server now handles this automatically. sql_big_tables is a synonym.
Commandline: --big-tables
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`bulk_insert_buffer_size`

Description: Size in bytes of the per-thread cache tree used to speed up bulk inserts into MyISAM and Aria tables. A value of 0 disables the cache tree.
Commandline: --bulk-insert-buffer-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 8388608
Range - 32 bit: 0 to 4294967295
Range - 64 bit: 0 to 18446744073709547520

`character_set_client`

Description: Determines the character set for queries arriving from the client. It can be set per session by the client, although the server can be configured to ignore client requests with the --skip-character-set-client-handshake option. If the client does not request a character set, or requests a character set that the server does not support, the global value will be used. utf16, utf32 and ucs2 cannot be used as client character sets.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: utf8 (>= MariaDB 5.5)

`character_set_connection`

Description: Character set used for number to string conversion, as well as for literals that don't have a character set introducer.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: utf8 (>= MariaDB 5.5)

`character_set_database`

Description: Character set used by the default database, and set by the server whenever the default database is changed. If there's no default database, character_set_database contains the same value as character_set_server. This variable is dynamic, but should not be set manually, only by the server.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: latin1

`character_set_filesystem`

Description: The character set for the filesystem. Used for converting file names specified as a string literal from character_set_client to character_set_filesystem before opening the file. By default set to binary, so no conversion takes place. This could be useful for statements such as LOAD_FILE() or LOAD DATA INFILE on system where multi-byte file names are use.
Commandline: --character-set-filesystem=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: binary

`character_set_results`

Description: Character set used for results and error messages returned to the client.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: utf8

`character_set_server`

Description: Default character set used by the server. See character_set_database for character sets used by the default database. Defaults may be different on some systems, see for example Differences in MariaDB in Debian.
Commandline: --character-set-server
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: latin1

`character_set_system`

Description: Character set used by the server to store identifiers, always set to utf8.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string
Default Value: utf8

`character_sets_dir`

Description: Directory where the character sets are installed.
Commandline: --character-sets-dir=path
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: directory name

`check_constraint_checks`

Description: If set to 0, will disable constraint checks, for example when loading a table that violates some constraints that you plan to fix later.
Commandline: --check-constraint-checks=[0|1]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: boolean
Default: ON
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.1

`collation_connection`

Description: Collation used for the connection character set.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string

`collation_database`

Description: Collation used for the default database. Set by the server if the default database changes, if there is no default database the value from the collation_server variable is used. This variable is dynamic, but should not be set manually, only by the server.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string

`collation_server`

Description: Default collation used by the server. This is set to the default collation for a given character set automatically when character_set_server is changed, but it can also be set manually. Defaults may be different on some systems, see for example Differences in MariaDB in Debian.
Commandline: --collation-server=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: latin1_swedish_ci

`completion_type`

Description: The transaction completion type. If set to NO_CHAIN or 0 (the default), there is no effect on commits and rollbacks. If set to CHAIN or 1, a COMMIT statement is equivalent to COMMIT AND CHAIN, while a ROLLBACK is equivalent to ROLLBACK AND CHAIN, so a new transaction starts straight away with the same isolation level as transaction that's just finished. If set to RELEASE or 2, a COMMIT statement is equivalent to COMMIT RELEASE, while a ROLLBACK is equivalent to ROLLBACK RELEASE, so the server will disconnect after the transaction completes. Note that the transaction completion type only applies to explicit commits, not implicit commits.
Commandline: --completion-type=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumerated (>=MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3), numeric (<= MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.2)
Default Value: NO_CHAIN (>=MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3), 0 (<= MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.2)
Valid Values: 0, 1, 2 (All versions), NO_CHAIN, CHAIN, RELEASE (>=MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3)

`concurrent_insert`

Description: If set to AUTO or 1, the default, MariaDB allows concurrent INSERTs and SELECTs for MyISAM tables with no free blocks in the data. If set to NEVER or 0, concurrent inserts are disabled. If set to ALWAYS or 2, concurrent inserts are permitted for all MyISAM tables, even those with holes, in which case new rows are added at the end of a table if the table is being used by another thread. If the --skip-new option is used when starting the server, concurrent_insert is set to NEVER.
Commandline: --concurrent-insert[=name]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumerated (>=MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3), numeric (<= MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.2)
Default Value: AUTO (>=MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3), 1 (<= MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.2)
Valid Values: 0, 1, 2 (All versions), AUTO, NEVER, ALWAYS (>=MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3)
Documentation: concurrent-inserts
Notes: Changing the variable only affects new opened tables. Use FLUSH TABLES If you want it to affect also cached tables.

`connect_timeout`

Description: Time in seconds that the server waits for a connect packet before returning a 'Bad handshake'. Increasing may help if clients regularly encounter 'Lost connection to MySQL server at 'X', system error: error_number' type-errors
Commandline: --connect-timeout=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Type: numeric
Default Value: 10

`datadir`

Description: Directory where the data is stored.
Commandline: --datadir=path or -h path
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: directory name

`date_format`

Description: Unused.

`datetime_format`

Description: Unused.

`debug`

Description: Used in debugging to write to a trace file. MariaDB needs to be configured with -SWITH_DEBUG=1 to enable this option.
Commandline: --debug[=debug_options]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: d:t:i:o,/tmp/mysqld.trace (Unix) or d:t:i:O,\mysqld.trace (Windows)

`debug_no_thread_alarm`

Description: Disable system thread alarm calls. Disabling it may be useful in debugging or testing, never do it in production.
Commandline: --debug-no-thead-alarm=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB

`debug_sync`

Description: Used in debugging to show the interface to the Debug Sync facility. MariaDB needs to be configured with -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC=1 for this variable to be available.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: OFF or ON - current signal signal name

`default_regex_flags`

Description: Introduced to address remaining incompatibilities between PCRE and the old regex library. Accepts a comma-separated list of zero or more of the following values:

Value	Pattern equivalent	Meaning
DOTALL	(?s)	. matches anything including NL
DUPNAMES	(?J)	Allow duplicate names for subpatterns
EXTENDED	(?x)	Ignore white space and # comments
EXTRA	(?X)	extra features (e.g. error on unknown escape character)
MULTILINE	(?m)	^ and $ match newlines within data
UNGREEDY	(?U)	Invert greediness of quantifiers

Commandline: --default-regex-flags=value
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Default Value: empty
Valid Values: DOTALL, DUPNAMES, EXTENDED, EXTRA, MULTILINE, UNGREEDY
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0.11

`default_storage_engine`

Description: The default storage engine. The default storage engine must be enabled at server startup or the server won't start.
Commandline: --default-storage-engine=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: enumeration
Default Value: InnoDB (>= MariaDB 5.5), MyISAM (<MariaDB 5.3)
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5 (previously storage_engine)

`default_table_type`

Description: A synonym for default_storage_engine. Removed in MariaDB 5.5.
Commandline: --default-table-type=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Removed: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5

`default_tmp_storage_engine`

Description: Default storage engine that will be used for tables created with CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE where no engine is specified. For internal temporary tables see aria_used_for_temp_tables). The storage engine used must be active or the server will not start. See default_storage_engine for the default for non-temporary tables. Defaults to NULL, in which case the value from default_storage_engine is used.
Commandline: --default-tmp-storage-engine=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumeration
Default Value: NULL
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.0

`default_week_format`

Description: Default mode for the WEEK() function. See that page for details on the different modes
Commandline: --default-week-format=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0
Range: 0 to 7

`delay_key_write`

Description: Specifies how MyISAM tables handles CREATE TABLE DELAY_KEY_WRITE. If set to ON, the default, any DELAY KEY WRITEs are honored. The key buffer is then flushed only when the table closes, speeding up writes. MyISAM tables should be automatically checked upon startup in this case, and --external locking should not be used, as it can lead to index corruption. If set to OFF, DELAY KEY WRITEs are ignored, while if set to ALL, all new opened tables are treated as if created with DELAY KEY WRITEs enabled.
Commandline: --delay-key-write[=name]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumeration
Default Value: ON
Valid Values: ON, OFF, ALL

`delayed_insert_limit`

Description: After this many rows have been inserted with INSERT DELAYED, the handler will check for and execute any waiting SELECT statements.
Commandline: --delayed-insert-limit=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 100
Range: 1 to 4294967295

`delayed_insert_timeout`

Description: Time in seconds that the INSERT DELAYED handler will wait for INSERT's before terminating.
Commandline: --delayed-insert-timeout=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 300

`delayed_queue_size`

Description: Number of rows, per table, that can be queued when performing INSERT DELAYED statements. If the queue becomes full, clients attempting to perform INSERT DELAYED's will wait until the queue has room available again.
Commandline: --delayed-queue-size=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Type: numeric
Default Value: 1000
Range: 1 to 4294967295

`div_precision_increment`

Description: Number of digits to be returned after the decimal point in division operations. By default 4, so SELECT 2/15 would return 0.1333. After setting div_precision_increment to 6, for example, the same operation would return 0.133333.
Commandline: --div-precision-increment=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4
Range: 0 to 30

`encrypt_tmp_disk_tables`

Description: Encrypt tmp disk tables (created as part of query execution). See Table and Tablespace Encryption.
Commandline: --encrypt-tmp-disk-tables[={0|1}]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: 10.1.3

`encrypt_tmp_files`

Description: Encrypt temporary files (created for filesort, binary log cache, etc). See Table and Tablespace Encryption.
Commandline: --encrypt-tmp-files[={0|1}]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF (>= 10.1.7), ON (<= 10.1.6)
Introduced: 10.1.5

`encryption_algorithm`

Description: Which encryption algorithm to use for table encryption. aes_cbc is the recommended one. See Table and Tablespace Encryption.
Commandline: --encryption-algorithm=value
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: enum
Default Value: none
Valid Values: none, aes_ecb, aes_cbc, aes_ctr
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.3
Removed: MariaDB 10.1.4

`enforce_storage_engine`

Description: Force the use of a particular storage engine for new tables. Used to avoid unwanted creation of tables using another engine. For example, setting to InnoDB will prevent any MyISAM tables from being created. If another engine is specified in a CREATE TABLE statement, the outcome depends on whether the NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION sql_mode has been set or not. If set (the default from MariaDB 10.1.7), the query will fail, while if not set, a warning will be returned and the table created according to the engine specified by this variable. The variable has a session scope, but is only modifiable by a user with the SUPER privilege.
Commandline: None
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: none
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.4

`engine_condition_pushdown`

Description: Deprecated and to be replaced by optimizer_switch. Specifies whether the engine condition pushdown optimization is enabled.
Commandline: --engine-condition-pushdown
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF (from MariaDB 5.5, ON in MySQL 5.5 and earlier versions of MariaDB)
Deprecated: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3

`error_count`

Description: Read-only variable denoting the number of errors from the most recent statement in the current session that generated errors. See SHOW_ERRORS().
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric

`event_scheduler`

Description: Status of the Event Scheduler. Can be set to ON or OFF, while DISABLED means it cannot be set at runtime. Setting the variable will cause a load of events if they were not loaded at startup.
Commandline: --event-scheduler[=value]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumeration
Default Value: OFF
Valid Values: ON (or 1), OFF (or 0), DISABLED

`expensive_subquery_limit`

Description: Number of rows to be examined for a query to be considered expensive, that is, maximum number of rows a subquery may examine in order to be executed during optimization and used for constant optimization.
Commandline: --expensive-subquery-limit=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 100
Range: 0 upwards
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5.25

`explicit_defaults_for_timestamp`

Description: This option causes CREATE TABLE to create all TIMESTAMP columns as NULL with the DEFAULT NULL attribute, Without this option, TIMESTAMP columns are NOT NULL and have implicit DEFAULT clauses. The old behavior is deprecated.
Commandline: --explicit-defaults-for-timestamp=[={0|1}]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: bolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.8

`external_user`

Description: External user name set by the plugin used to authenticate the client. NULL if native MariaDB authentication is used.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string
Default Value: NULL
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5

`flush`

Description: Usually, MariaDB writes changes to disk after each SQL statement, and the operating system handles synchronizing (flushing) it to disk. If set to ON, the server will synchronize all changes to disk after each statement.
Commandline: --flush
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`flush_time`

Description: Interval in seconds that tables are closed to synchronize (flush) data to disk and free up resources. If set to 0, the default, there is no automatic synchronizing tables and closing of tables. This option should not be necessary on systems with sufficient resources.
Commandline: --flush_time=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0

`foreign_key_checks`

Description: If set to 1 (the default) foreign key constraints (including ON UPDATE and ON DELETE behavior) InnoDB tables are checked, while if set to 0, they are not checked. 0 is not recommended for normal use, though it can be useful in situations where you know the data is consistent, but want to reload data in a different order from that that specified by parent/child relationships. Setting this variable to 1 does not retrospectively check for inconsistencies introduced while set to 0.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`ft_boolean_syntax`

Description: List of operators supported by an IN BOOLEAN MODE full-text search. If you wish to change, note that each character must be ASCII and non-alphanumeric, the full string must be 14 characters and the first or second character must be a space. Positions 10, 13 and 14 are reserved for future extensions. Also, no duplicates are permitted except for the phrase quoting characters in positions 11 and 12, which may be the same.
Commandline: --ft-boolean-syntax=name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: + -><()*:""&|

`ft_max_word_len`

Description: Maximum length for a word to be included in the MyISAM full-text index. If this variable is changed, the full-text index must be rebuilt. The quickest way to do this is by issuing a REPAIR TABLE table_name QUICK statement. See innodb_ft_max_token_size for the InnoDB equivalent.
Commandline: --ft-max-word-len=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 84
Minimum Value: 10

`ft_min_word_len`

Description: Minimum length for a word to be included in the MyISAM full-text index. If this variable is changed, the full-text index must be rebuilt. The quickest way to do this is by issuing a REPAIR TABLE table_name QUICK statement. See innodb_ft_min_token_size for the InnoDB equivalent.
Commandline: --ft-min-word-len=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4
Minimum Value: 1

`ft_query_expansion_limit`

Description: For full-text searches, denotes the numer of top matches when using WITH QUERY EXPANSION.
Commandline: --ft-query-expansion-limit=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 20
Range: 0 to 1000

`ft_stopword_file`

Description: File containing a list of stopwords for use in MyISAM full-text searches. Unless an absolute path is specified the file will be looked for in the data directory. The file is not parsed for comments, so all words found become stopwords. By default, a built-in list of words (built from storage/myisam/ft_static.c file) is used. Stopwords can be disabled by setting this variable to '' (an empty string). If this variable is changed, the full-text index must be rebuilt. The quickest way to do this is by issuing a REPAIR TABLE table_name QUICK statement. See innodb_ft_server_stopword_table for the InnoDB equivalent.
Commandline: --ft-stopword-file=file_name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: file name
Default Value: (built-in)

`general_log`

Description: If set to 0, the default unless the --general-log option is used, the general query log is disabled, while if set to 1, the general query log is enabled. See log_output for how log files are written. If that variable is set to NONE, no logs will be written even if general_query_log is set to 1.
Commandline: --general-log
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`general_log_file`

Description: Name of the general query log file. If this is not specified the name is taken from the variablelog-basename or from your system hostname with .log as a suffix.
Commandline: --general-log-file=file_name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: file name
Default Value: host_name.log

`group_concat_max_len`

Description: Maximum length in bytes of the returned result for a GROUP_CONCAT() function.
Commandline: --group-concat-max-len=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1024
Range - 32-bit: 4 to 4294967295
Range - 64-bit: 4 to 18446744073709547520

`have_compress`

Description: If the zlib compression library is accessible to the server, this will be set to YES, otherwise it will be NO. The COMPRESS() and UNCOMPRESS() functions will only be available if set to YES.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_crypt`

Description: If the crypt() system call is available this variable will be set to YES, otherwise it will be set to NO. If set to NO, the ENCRYPT() function cannot be used.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_csv`

Description: If the server supports CSV tables, will be set to YES, otherwise will be set to NO.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_dynamic_loading`

Description: If the server supports dynamic loading of plugins, will be set to YES, otherwise will be set to NO.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_geometry`

Description: If the server supports spatial data types, will be set to YES, otherwise will be set to NO.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_ndbcluster`

Description: If the server supports NDBCluster (currently disabled in MariaDB).
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_partitioning`

Description: If the server supports partitioning, will be set to YES, unless the --skip-partition option is used, in which case will be set to DISABLED. Will be set to NO otherwise. Removed in MariaDB 10.0 - SHOW PLUGINS should instead be used.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Removed: MariaDB 10.0

`have_profiling`

Description: If statement profiling is available, will be set to YES, otherwise will be set to NO. See SHOW PROFILES() and SHOW PROFILE().
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_query_cache`

Description: If the server supports the query cache, will be set to YES, otherwise will be set to NO.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_rtree_keys`

Description: If RTREE indexes (used for spatial indexes in MyISAM tables) are available, will be set to YES, otherwise will be set to NO.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`have_symlink`

Description: If symbolic link support is enabled, will be set to YES, otherwise will be set to NO. Required for the INDEX DIRECTORY and DATA DIRECTORY table options (see CREATE TABLE) and Windows symlink support. Will be set to DISABLED if the server is started with the --skip-symbolic-links option.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`histogram_size`

Description: Number of bytes used for a histogram. If set to 0, no histograms are created by ANALYZE.
Commandline: --histogram-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0
Range: 0 to 255
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0.2

`histogram_type`

Description: Specifies the type of histograms created by ANALYZE.
- SINGLE_PREC_HB - single precision height-balanced.
- DOUBLE_PREC_HB - double precision height-balanced.
Commandline: --histogram-type=value
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumeration
Default Value: SINGLE_PREC_HB
Valid Values: SINGLE_PREC_HB, DOUBLE_PREC_HB
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0.2

`host_cache_size`

Description: Number of host names that will be cached to avoid resolving. Setting to 0 disables the cache. Changing the value while the server is running causes an implicit FLUSH HOSTS, clearing the host cache and truncating the performance_schema.host_cache table.
Commandline: --host-cache-size=#.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 128
Range: 0 to 65536
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0

`hostname`

Description: When the server starts, this variable is set to the server host name.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string

`identity`

Description: A synonym for last_insert_id variable.

`ignore_db_dirs`

Description: Comma-delimited list of directories in the data directory that are not considered as database directories. Set from --ignore-db-dir at startup.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5

`in_transaction`

Description: Session-only and read-only variable that is set to 1 if you are in a transaction, and 0 if not.
Commandline: No
Scope: Session
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0
Introduced: MariaDB 5.3

`init_connect`

Description: String containing one or more SQL statements, separated by semicolons, that will be executed by the server for each client connecting. If there's a syntax error in the one of the statements, the client will fail to connect. For this reason, the statements are not executed for users with the SUPER privilege, who can then still connect and correct the error. See also init_file.
Commandline: --init-connect=name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string

`init_file`

Description: Name of a file containing SQL statements that will be executed by the server on startup. Each statement should be on a new line. See also init_connect.
Commandline: init-file=file_name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: file name

`insert_id`

Description: Value to be used for the next statement inserting a new AUTO_INCREMENT value.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric

`interactive_timeout`

Description: Time in seconds that the server waits for an interactive connection (one that connects with the mysql_real_connect() CLIENT_INTERACTIVE option) to become active before closing it. See also wait_timeout.
Commandline: --interactive-timeout=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 28800
Minimum Value: 1

`join_buffer_size`

Description: Minimum size in bytes of the buffer used for queries that cannot use an index, and instead perform a full table scan. Increase to get faster full joins when adding indexes is not possible, although be aware of memory issues, since joins will always allocate the minimum size. Best left low globally and set high in sessions that require large full joins. In 64-bit platforms, Windows truncates values above 4GB to 4GB with a warning.
Commandline: --join-buffer-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 262144 (256kB) (>=MariaDB 10.1.7), 131072 (128kB) (<=MariaDB 10.1.6)
Range (>=MariaDB/MySQL 5.5): 128 to 18446744073709547520
Range (<=MariaDB/MySQL 5.3, Windows): 8228 to 18446744073709547520

`join_buffer_space_limit`

Description: Maximum size in bytes of the query buffer, By default 1024*128*10. See Block-based join algorithms.
Commandline: --join-buffer-space-limit=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 2097152
Range: 2048 to 99999999997952
Introduced: MariaDB 5.3

`join_cache_level`

Description: Controls which of the eight block-based algorithms can be used for join operations. See Block-based join algorithms for more information.
- 1 – flat (Block Nested Loop) BNL
- 2 – incremental BNL
- 3 – flat Block Nested Loop Hash (BNLH)
- 4 – incremental BNLH
- 5 – flat Batch Key Access (BKA)
- 6 – incremental BKA
- 7 – flat Batch Key Access Hash (BKAH)
- 8 – incremental BKAH
Commandline: --join-cache-level=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 2
Range: 0 to 8
Introduced: MariaDB 5.3

`keep_files_on_create`

Description: If a MyISAM table is created with no DATA DIRECTORY option, the .MYD file is stored in the database directory. When set to 0, the default, if MariaDB finds another .MYD file in the database directory it will overwrite it. Setting this variable to 1 means that MariaDB will return an error instead, just as it usually does in the same situation outside of the database directory. The same applies for .MYI files and no INDEX DIRECTORY option.
Commandline: --keep-files-on-create=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`language`

Description: Language to use for the server error messages. Either just the language name, or the directory where the error messages are stored. An alternative is to use lc_messages_dir and lc_messages instead. See Setting the language for error messages.
Commandline: --language=name, -L
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: directory name
Default Value: /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english/

`large_files_support`

Description: ON if the server if was compiled with large file support or not, else OFF
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Introduced: MySQL 3.23.28

`large_page_size`

Description: Indicates the size of memory page if large page support (Linux only) is enabled. The page size is determined from the Hugepagesize setting in /proc/meminfo. See large_pages.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: Autosized (see description)

`large_pages`

Description: Indicates whether large page support (Linux only - called huge pages) is used. This is set with --large-pages or disabled with --skip-large-pages. Large pages are used for the innodb buffer pool and for online DDL (of size 3* innodb_sort_buffer_size (or 6 when encryption is used)). To use large pages, the Linux sysctl variable vm.nr_hugepages multipled by large-page) must be larger than the usage. The ulimit for locked memory must be sufficient to cover the amount used (ulimit -l and equalivent in /etc/security/limits.conf / or in systemd LimitMEMLOCK). If these operating system controls or insufficient free huge pages are available, the allocation of large pages will fall back to conventional memory allocation and a warning will appear in the logs.
Commandline: --large-pages, --skip-large-pages
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`last_insert_id`

Description: Contains the same value as that returned by LAST_INSERT_ID(). Note that setting this variable doen't update the value returned by the underlying function.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric

`lc_messages`

Description: Locale to use for error messages. This will be converted to a language name and along with lc_messages_dir will produce the location for the error message file. See locales for a list of available locales and their related languages.
Commandline: --lc-messages=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: en_us
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5

`lc_messages_dir`

Description: Directory where the error messages are located. Together with lc_messages will produce the location for the error message file.
Commandline: --lc-messages-dir=path
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: directory name
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5

`lc_time_names`

Description: The locale that determines the language used for the date and time functions DAYNAME(), MONTHNAME() and DATE_FORMAT(). Locale names are language and region subtags, for example 'en_ZA' (English - South Africa) or 'es_US: Spanish - United States'. The default is always 'en-US' regardless of the system's locale setting. See server locale for a full list of supported locales.
Commandline: --lc-time-names=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: en_US
Introduced: MySQL 5.1.12

`license`

Description: Server license, for example GPL.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string

`local_infile`

Description: If set to 1, LOCAL is supported for LOAD DATA INFILE statements. If set to 0, usually for security reasons, attempts to perform a LOAD DATA LOCAL will fail with an error message.
Commandline: --local-infile=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: ON

`lock_wait_timeout`

Description: Timeout in seconds for attempts to acquire metadata locks. Statements using metadata locks include FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK, LOCK TABLES, HANDLER and DML and DDL operations on tables, stored procedures and functions, and views. The timeout is separate for each attempt, of which there may be multiple in a single statement.
Commandline: --lock-wait-timeout=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 31536000 (1 year)
Range: 1 to 31536000
Introduced: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3

`locked_in_memory`

Description: Indicates whether --memlock was used to lock mysqld in memory.
Commandline: --memlock
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`log`

Description: Deprecated and removed in MariaDB 10.0, use general_log instead.
Commandline: -l [filename] or --log[=filename]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: OFF
Deprecated: MySQL 5.1.29 and replaced by general_log
Removed: MariaDB 10.0

`log_error`

Description: Specifies the name of the error log. If no name is provided, errors will still be logged to hostname.err.
Commandline: --log-error[=name]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: file name
Default Value: (empty string)

`log_output`

Description: How the output for the general query log and the slow query log is stored. By default written to file (FILE), it can also be stored in the general_log and slow_log tables in the mysql database (TABLE), or not stored at all (NONE). More than one option can be chosen at the same time, with NONE taking precedence if present. Logs will not be written if logging is not enabled. See Writing logs into tables, and the slow_query_log and general_log server system variables.
Commandline: --log-output=name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: set
Default Value: FILE
Valid Values: TABLE, FILE or NONE

`log_queries_not_using_indexes`

Description: Queries that don't use an index, or that perform a full index scan where the index doesn't limit the number of rows, will be logged to the slow query log (regardless of time taken). The slow query log needs to be enabled for this to have an effect.
Commandline: --log-queries-not-using-indexes
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`log_slow_admin_statements`

Description: Log slow OPTIMIZE, ANALYZE, ALTER and other administrative statements to the slow log if it is open. Before MariaDB 10.1.13, this was only available as a mysqld option, not a server variable.
Commandline: --log-slow-admin-statements
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.13 (variable)

`log_slow_filter`

Description: Comma-delimited string containing one or more settings for filtering what is logged to the slow query log. If a query matches one of the types listed in the filter, and takes longer than long_query_time, it will be logged. Sets log-slow-admin-statements to ON.
- admin log administrative queries (create, optimize, drop etc...)
- filesort logs queries that use a filesort.
- filesort_on_disk logs queries that perform a a filesort on disk.
- full_join logs queries that perform a join without indexes.
- full_scan logs queries that perform full table scans.
- query_cache log queries that are resolved by the query cache .
- query_cache_miss logs queries that are not found in the query cache.
- tmp_table logs queries that create an implicit temporary table.
- tmp_table_on_disk logs queries that create a temporary table on disk.
Commandline: log-slow-filter=value1[,value2...]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumeration
Default Value: admin, filesort, filesort_on_disk, full_join, full_scan, query_cache, query_cache_miss, tmp_table, tmp_table_on_disk
Valid Values: admin, filesort, filesort_on_disk, full_join, full_scan, query_cache, query_cache_miss, tmp_table, tmp_table_on_disk

`log_slow_queries`

Description: Deprecated and removed in MariaDB 10.0, use slow_query_log instead.
Commandline: --log-slow-queries[=name]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Deprecated: MySQL 5.1.29
Removed: MariaDB 10.0/MySQL 5.6.1

`log_slow_rate_limit`

Description: The slow query log will log every this many queries. The default is 1, or every query, while setting it to 20 would log every 20 queries, or five percent. Aims to reduce I/O usage and excessively large slow query logs. See also Slow Query Log Extended Statistics.
Commandline: log-slow-rate-limit=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1
Range: 1 upwards
Introduced: MariaDB 5.1

`log_slow_slave_statements`

Description: Log slow statements executed by slave thread to the slow log if it is open. Before MariaDB 10.1.13, this was only available as a mysqld option, not a server variable.
Commandline: --log-slow-slave-statements
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.13 (variable)

`log_slow_verbosity`

Description: Controls information to be added to the slow query log. Options are added in a comma-delimited string. See also Slow Query Log Extended Statistics.
- query_plan logs query execution plan information
- innodb logs XtraDB/InnoDB statistics
- explain prints EXPLAIN output in the slow query log. See EXPLAIN in the Slow Query Log. (added in MariaDB 10.0.5)
Commandline: log-slow-verbosity=value1[,value2...]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumeration
Default Value: query_plan
Valid Values: query_plan, innodb, explain (from MariaDB 10.0.5)
Introduced: MariaDB 5.1

`log_tc_size`

Description: Size in bytes of the transaction coordinator log, defined in multiples of 4096. Always available as a commandline option, but added as a variable in MariaDB 10.1.3
Commandline: log-tc-size=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 24576
Range: 12288 to 18446744073709551615
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.3 (variable)

`log_warnings`

Description: If set to 1, the default, all critical warnings are logged to the error log. Slave servers also log status information, including the binary log and relay log co-ordinates where they start replicating from, reconnects after a disconnect and when the slave switches to a new relay-log. If set to 0, warnings are not logged. If set to a number greater than 1, aborted connections and access-denied errors are also logged. Specifically, the following are logged:
- log_warnings >= 1
  - Events_scheduler info and warnings
  - Access denied errors
  - Connections that were forced to be closed or aborted
  - System signals
  - Wrong usage of --user
  - Failed setrlimit() and mlockall()
  - Changed limits
  - Wrong values of lower_case_table_names and stack_size
  - Wrong values for command line options
  - Start log position and some master information when starting slaves
  - Slave reconnects
  - Killed slaves
  - Error reading relay logs
  - Before MariaDB 10.0.14: Statements that were unsafe to log as statement-based (when BINLOG_FLAG_UNSAFE_STMT_PRINTED is also set)
  - Disabled plugins that one tried to enable or use
  - UDF files that didn't include the required init functions.
- log_warnings >= 2
  - Table handler errors
  - Starting from MariaDB 10.0.14: Statements that were unsafe to log as statement-based (when BINLOG_FLAG_UNSAFE_STMT_PRINTED is also set)
- log_warnings >= 3
  - All errors and warnings during MyISAM repair and auto recover.
Commandline: -W [level] or --log-warnings[=level]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1
Range: 0 to 4294967295

`long_query_time`

Description: If a query takes longer than this many seconds to execute (microseconds can be specified too), the Slow_queries status variable is incremented and, if enabled, the query is logged to the slow query log.
Commandline: --long-query-time=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 10.000000 >= MariaDB 10.1.13, 10 <= MariaDB 10.1.12
Range: 0 upwards

`low_priority_updates`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is the default), for storage engines that use only table-level locking (Aria, MyISAM, MEMORY and MERGE), all INSERTs, UPDATEs, DELETEs and LOCK TABLE WRITEs will wait until there are no more SELECTs or LOCK TABLE READs pending on the relevant tables. Set this to 1 if reads are prioritized over writes. Previously named sql_low_priority_updates, which is still a synonym.
Commandline: --low-priority-updates
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`lower_case_file_system`

Description: Read-only variable describing whether the file system is case-sensitive. If set to OFF, file names are case-sensitive. If set to ON, they are not case-sensitive.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: ##

`lower_case_table_names`

Description: If set to 0 (the default on Unix-based systems), table names and aliases and database names are compared in a case-sensitive manner. If set to 1 (the default on Windows), names are stored in lowercase and not compared in a case-sensitive manner. If set to 2 (the default on Mac OS X), names are stored as declared, but compared in lowercase.
Commandline: --lower-case-table-names[=#]
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0 (Unix), 1 (Windows), 2 (Mac OS X)
Range: 0 to 2

`max_allowed_packet`

Description: Maximum size in bytes of a packet or a generated/intermediate string. The packet message buffer is initialized with the value from net_buffer_length, but can grow up to max_allowed_packet bytes. Set as large as the largest BLOB, in multiples of 1024. If this value is changed, it should be changed on the client side as well. See slave_max_allowed_packet for a specific limit for replication purposes.
Commandline: --max-allowed-packet=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4194304 (4M) >= MariaDB 10.1.7, 1048576 (1MB) <= MariaDB 10.1.6, 1073741824 (1GB) (client-side)
Range: 1024 to 1073741824

`max_connect_errors`

Description: Limit to the number of successive failed connects from a host before the host is blocked from making further connections. The count for a host is reset to zero if they successfully connect. To unblock, flush the host cache with a FLUSH HOSTS statement or mysqladmin flush-hosts.
Commandline: --max-connect-errors=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 100 (from MariaDB 10.0), 10 (before MariaDB 10.0)

`max_connections`

Description: The maximum number of simultaneous client connections. See also Handling Too Many Connections. Note that this value affects the number of file descriptors required on the operating system.
Commandline: --max-connections=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 151
Range: 1 to 100000

`max_delayed_threads`

Description: Limits to the number of INSERT DELAYED threads. Once this limit is reached, the insert is handled as if there was no DELAYED attribute. If set to 0, DELAYED is ignored entirely. The session value can only be set to 0 or to the same as the global value.
Commandline: --max-delayed-threads=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 20
Range: 0 to 16384

`max_digest_length`

Description: Maximum length considered for computing a statement digest, such as used by the Performance Schema and query rewrite plugins. Statements that differ after this many bytes produce the same digest, and are aggregated for statistics purposes. The variable is allocated per session. Increasing will allow longer statements to be distinguished from each other, but increase memory use, while decreasing will reduce memory use, but more statements may become indistinguishable.
Commandline: --max-digest-length=#
Scope: Global,
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1024
Range: 0 to 1048576
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.5

`max_error_count`

Description: Specifies the maximum number of messages stored for display by SHOW ERRORS and SHOW WARNINGS statements.
Commandline: --max-error-count=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 64
Range: 0 to 65535

`max_heap_table_size`

Description: Maximum size in bytes for user-created MEMORY tables. Setting the variable while the server is active has no effect on existing tables unless they are recreated or altered. The smaller of max_heap_table_size and tmp_table_size also limits internal in-memory tables. When the maximum size is reached, any further attempts to insert data will receive a "table ... is full" error. Temporary tables created with CREATE TEMPORARY will not be converted to Aria, as occurs with internal temporary tables, but will also receive a table full error.
Commandline: --max-heap-table-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 16777216
Range : 16384 to 4294966272

`max_insert_delayed_threads`

Description: Synonym for max_delayed_threads.

`max_join_size`

Description: Statements will not be performed if they are likely to need to examine more than this number of rows, row combinations or do more disk seeks. Can prevent poorly-formatted queries from taking server resources. Changing this value to anything other the default will reset sql_big_selects to 0. If sql_big_selects is set again, max_join_size will be ignored. This limit is also ignored if the query result is sitting in the query cache. Previously named sql_max_join_size, which is still a synonym.
Commandline: --max-join-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 18446744073709551615 (>= MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.0), 4294967295 (< MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.0)
Range: 1 to 18446744073709551615 (>= MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.0), 1 to 4294967295 (< MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.0)

`max_length_for_sort_data`

Description: Used to decide which algorithm to choose when sorting rows. If the total size of the column data, not including columns that are part of the sort, is less than max_length_for_sort_data, then we add these to the sort key. This can speed up the sort as we don't have to re-read the same row again later. Setting the value too high can slow things down as there will be a higher disk activity for doing the sort.
Commandline: --max-length-for-sort-data=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1024
Range: 4 to 8388608

`max_long_data_size`

Description: Maximum size for parameter values sent with mysql_stmt_send_long_data(). If not set, will default to the value of max_allowed_packet. Deprecated, use max_allowed_packet instead.
Commandline: --max-long-data-size=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1048576
Range: 1024 to 4294967295
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5
Deprecated: MariaDB 5.5

`max_prepared_stmt_count`

Description: Maximum number of prepared statements on the server. Can help prevent certain forms of denial-of-service attacks. If set to 0, no prepared statements are permitted on the server.
Commandline: --max-prepared-stmt-count=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 16382
Range: 0 to 1048576

`max_recursive_iterations`

Description: Maximum number of iterations when executing recursive queries.
Commandline: --max-recursive-iterations=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4294967295
Range: 0 to 4294967295
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.2

`max_seeks_for_key`

Description: The optimizer assumes that the number specified here is the most key seeks required when searching with an index, regardless of the actual index cardinality. If this value is set lower than its default and maximum, indexes will tend to be preferred over table scans.
Commandline: --max-seeks-for-key=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4294967295
Range: 1 to 4294967295

`max_session_mem_used`

Description: Amount of memory a single user session is allowed to allocate. This limits the value of the session variable MEM_USED.
Commandline: --max-session-mem-used=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 9223372036854775807
Range: 8192 to 18446744073709551615
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.21

`max_sort_length`

Description: Maximum size in bytes used for sorting data values - anything exceeding this is ignored.
Commandline: --max-sort-length=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1024
Range: 4 to 8388608

`max_sp_recursion_depth`

Description: Permitted number of recursive calls for a stored procedure. 0, the default, no recursion is permitted. Increasing this value increases the thread stack requirements, so you may need to increase thread_stack as well. This limit doesn't apply to stored functions.
Commandline: --max-sp-recursion-depth[=#]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0
Range: 0 to 255

`max_statement_time`

Description: Maximum time in seconds that a query can execute before being aborted. This includes all queries, not just SELECT statements, but excludes statements in stored procedures. If set to 0, no limit is applied. See Aborting statements that take longer than a certain time to execute. Useful when combined with SET STATEMENT for limiting the execution times of individual queries.
Commandline: --max-statement-time[=#]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0.000000 >= MariaDB 10.1.13, 0 <= MariaDB 10.1.12
Range: 0 upwards
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.1

`max_tmp_tables`

Description: Unused.

`max_user_connections`

Description: Maximum simultaneous connections permitted for a user account. If set to 0, the default, there is no per-user limit. The session value is read-only and takes the global value unless there's a nonzero MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS value for the user. Previously having a minimum value of 0, from MariaDB 5.3, max_user_connections can be set to -1 to stop users from connecting to the server. The global max_user_connections variable does not affect users with the SUPER privilege.
Commandline: --max-user-connections=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0
Range: -1 to 4294967295

`max_write_lock_count`

Description: Read lock requests will be permitted for processing after this many write locks. Applies only to storage engines that use table level locks (thr_lock), so no effect with InnoDB/XtraDB or [archive|Archive]].
Commandline: --max-write-lock-count=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4294967295
Range: 0-4294967295

`metadata_locks_cache_size`

Description: Size of the metadata locks cache, used for reducing the need to create and destroy synchronization objects. It is particularly helpful on systems where this process is inefficient, such as Windows XP.
Commandline: --metadata-locks-cache-size=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1024
Range: 1 to 1048576
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5

`metadata_locks_hash_instances`

Description: Number of hashes used by the set of metadata locks. The metadata locks are partitioned into separate hashes in order to reduce contention.
Commandline: --metadata-locks-hash-instances=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 8
Range: 1 to 1024
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0

`min_examined_row_limit`

Description: If a query examines more than this number of rows, it is logged to the slow-query-log. If set to 0, the default, no row limit is used.
Commandline: --min-examined-row-limit=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0
Range: 0-4294967295

`mrr_buffer_size`

Description: Size of buffer to use when using multi-range read with range access. See Multi Range Read optimization for more information.
Commandline: --mrr-buffer-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 262144
Range 8192 to 2147483648
Introduced: MariaDB 5.3

`multi_range_count`

Description: Deprecated in 5.1 and ignored from MariaDB 5.3. Use mrr_buffer_size instead.
Default Value: 256
Removed: MariaDB 5.5

`mysql56_temporal_format`

Description: If set, MariaDB uses the MySQL-5.6 low level formats for TIME, DATETIME and TIMESTAMP instead of the MariaDB 5.3+ version.
Commandline: --mysql56-temporal-format
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: ON
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.2

`named_pipe`

Description: On Windows systems, determines whether connections over named pipes are permitted.
Commandline: --enable-named-pipe
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`net_buffer_length`

Description: The starting size, in bytes, for the connection and thread buffers for each client thread. The size can grow to max_allowed_packet. This variable's session value is read-only. Can be set to the expected length of client statements if memory is a limitation.
Commandline: --net-buffer-length=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 16384
Range: 1024 to 1048576

`net_read_timeout`

Description: Time in seconds the server will wait for a client connection to send more data before aborting the read. See also net_write_timeout and slave_net_timeout
Commandline: --net-read-timeout=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 30
Range: 1 upwards

`net_retry_count`

Description: Permit this many retries before aborting when attempting to read or write on a communication port. On FreeBSD systems should be set higher as threads are sent internal interrupts..
Commandline: --net-retry-count=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 10
Range: 1 to 4294967295

`net_write_timeout`

Description: Time in seconds to wait on writing a block to a connection before aborting the write. See also net_read_timeout and slave_net_timeout.
Commandline: --net-write-timeout=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 60
Range: 1 upwards

`old`

Description: Disabled by default, enabling it reverts index hints to those used before MySQL 5.1.17. Enabling may lead to replication errors. Being replaced by old_mode. Before MariaDB 5.5, the variable was read-only and global in scope only.
Commandline: --old
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`old_alter_table`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is default), MariaDB reverts to the non-optimized, pre-MySQL 5.0, method of processing ALTER TABLE statements.
Commandline: --old-alter-table
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`old_mode`

Description: Used for getting MariaDB to emulate behavior from an old version of MySQL or MariaDB. See OLD Mode. Will be used to replace the old variable over time.
Commandline: --old-mode
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: (empty string)
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5.35
Valid Values: See OLD Mode for the full list.

`old_passwords`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is default), MariaDB reverts to the pre-MySQL 4.1 form of password hashing.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`open_files_limit`

Description: The number of file descriptors available to mysqld. Increase if you are getting the Too many open files error. If set to 0, then mysqld will reserve max_connections*5 or max_connections + table_open_cache*2 (whichever is larger) number of files. Note that MariaDB cannot set this to exceed the hard limit imposed by the operating system, and you may need to change this. For example, by adding the following lines to /etc/security/limits.conf

mysql soft nofile 65535
mysql hard nofile 65535

rebooting, and then create /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service.d/filelimit.conf or /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/filelimit.conf (corresponding to the service name).

[service]
LimitNOFILE=infinity

Commandline: --open-files-limit=count
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: Autosized (see description)
Range: 0 to 4294967295

`optimizer_prune_level`

Description: If set to 1, the default, the optimizer will use heuristics to prune less-promising partial plans from the optimizer search space. If set to 0, heuristics are disabled and an exhaustive search is performed.
Commandline: --optimizer-prune-level[=#]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`optimizer_search_depth`

Description: Maximum search depth by the query optimizer. Smaller values lead to less time spent on execution plans, but potentially less optimal results. If set to 0, MariaDB will automatically choose a reasonable value. Since the better results from more optimal planning usually offset the longer time spent on planning, this is set as high as possible by default.
Commandline: --optimizer-search-depth[=#]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 62
Range: 0 to 62

`optimizer_selectivity_sampling_limit`

Description: Controls number of record samples to check condition selectivity
Commandline: optimizer-selectivity-sampling-limit[=#]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 100
Range: 10 upwards
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0

`optimizer_switch`

Description: A series of flags for controlling the query optimizer.
Commandline: --optimizer-switch=value
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Valid Values:
- condition_pushdown_for_derived={on|off} (>=MariaDB 10.2.2)
- default - set all optimizations to their default values.
- derived_merge={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Derived table merge optimization
- derived_with_keys={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Derived table with key optimization
- engine_condition_pushdown={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.5, <=MariaDB 10.1.1)
- exists_to_in={on|off} (>=MariaDB 10.0) - see EXISTS-to-IN optimization
- extended_keys={on|off} (>= MariaDB 5.5) - see Extended Keys
- firstmatch={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see First Match Strategy
- index_condition_pushdown={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Index Condition Pushdown
- index_merge={on|off}
- index_merge_intersection={on|off}
- index_merge_sort_intersection={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - more details
- index_merge_sort_union={on|off}
- index_merge_union={on|off}
- in_to_exists={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see IN-TO-EXISTS transformation
- join_cache_bka={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Block-Based Join Algorithms
- join_cache_hashed={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Block-Based Join Algorithms
- join_cache_incremental={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Block-Based Join Algorithms
- loosescan={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see LooseScan strategy
- materialization={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - Semi-join and non semi-join materialization.
- mrr={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Multi Range Read optimization
- mrr_cost_based={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Multi Range Read optimization
- mrr_sort_keys={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Multi Range Read optimization
- optimize_join_buffer_size={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Block-Based Join Algorithms
- orderby_uses_equalities={on|off} (>= MariaDB 10.1.15, MariaDB 10.2.1) - if not set, the optimizer ignores equality propagation. See MDEV-8989.
- outer_join_with_cache={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Block-Based Join Algorithms
- partial_match_rowid_merge={on|off} (>= MariaDB 5.3) - see Non-semi-join subquery optimizations
- partial_match_table_scan={on|off} (>= MariaDB 5.3) - see Non-semi-join subquery optimizations
- semijoin={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Semi-join subquery optimizations
- semijoin_with_cache={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Block-Based Join Algorithms
- subquery_cache={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.5) - see subquery cache.
- table_elimination={on|off} (>=MariaDB 5.3) - see Table Elimination User Interface

`optimizer_use_condition_selectivity`

Description: Controls which statistics can be used by the optimizer when looking for the best query execution plan.
- 1 Use selectivity of predicates as in MariaDB 5.5.
- 2 Use selectivity of all range predicates supported by indexes.
- 3 Use selectivity of all range predicates estimated without histogram.
- 4 Use selectivity of all range predicates estimated with histogram.
- 5 Additionally use selectivity of certain non-range predicates calculated on record sample.
Commandline: --optimizer-use-condition-selectivity=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1
Range: 1 to 5
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0

`pam_use_cleartext_plugin`

Description: Use mysql_cleartext_plugin on the client side instead of the dialog plugin. This may be needed for compatibility reasons, but it only supports simple PAM policies that don't require anything besides a password. See PAM Authentication Plugin.
Commandline: <<code>>--pam-use-cleartext-plugin</code>>
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.3 (default)

`pid_file`

Description: Full path of the process ID file.
Commandline: --pid-file=file_name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: file name

`plugin_dir`

Description: Path to the plugin directory. For security reasons, either make sure this directory can only be read by the server, or set secure_file_priv.
Commandline: --plugin-dir=path
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: directory name
Default Value: BASEDIR/lib/plugin
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5

`plugin_maturity`

Description: The lowest acceptable plugin maturity. MariaDB will not load plugins less mature than that.
Commandline: --plugin-maturity=level
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: enum
Default Value: unknown
Valid Values: unknown, experimental, alpha, beta, gamma, stable
Introduced: MariaDB 5.2.1

`port`

Description: Port to listen for TCP/IP connections. If set to 0, will default to, in order of preference, my.cnf, the MYSQL_TCP_PORT environment variable, /etc/services, built-in default (3306).
Commandline: --port=#, -P
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 3306
Range: 0 to 65535

`preload_buffer_size`

Description: Size in bytes of the buffer allocated when indexes are preloaded.
Commandline: --preload-buffer-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 32768
Range: 1024 to 1073741824

`profiling`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is default), statement profiling will be enabled. See SHOW PROFILES() and SHOW PROFILE().
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`profiling_history_size`

Description: Number of statements about which profiling information is maintained. If set to 0, no profiles are stored. See SHOW PROFILES.
Commandline: --profiling-history-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 15
Range: 0 to 100

`progress_report_time`

Description: Time in seconds between sending progress reports to the client for time-consuming statements. If set to 0, progress reporting will be disabled.
Commandline: --progress-report-time=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 56 before MariaDB 5.5.39 and MariaDB 10.0.10, 5 as of MariaDB 5.5.40 and MariaDB 10.0.11
Range: 0 to 4294967295
Introduced: MariaDB 5.3

`protocol_version`

Description: Client/server protocol version number.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Range: to

`proxy_user`

Description: Set to the proxy user account name if the current client is a proxy, else NULL.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string
Introduced: MariaDB 5.5.20

`pseudo_slave_mode`

Description: For internal use by the server.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.30

`pseudo_thread_id`

Description: For internal use only.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric

`query_alloc_block_size`

Description: Size in bytes of the extra blocks allocated during query parsing and execution (after query_prealloc_size is used up).
Commandline: --query-alloc-block-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 16384 (from MariaDB 10.1.2), 8192 (before MariaDB 10.1.2)
Range: 1024 to 4294967295

`query_cache_limit`

Description: Size in bytes for which results larger than this are not stored in the query cache.
Commandline: --query-cache-limit=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1048576 (1MB)
Range: 0 to 4294967295

`query_cache_min_res_unit`

Description: Minimum size in bytes of the blocks allocated for query cache results.
Commandline: --query-cache-min-res-unit=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4096 (4KB)
Range: 0 to 4294967295

`query_cache_size`

Description: Size in bytes available to the query cache. About 40KB is needed for query cache structures, so setting a size lower than this will result in a warning. 0, the default before MariaDB 10.1.7, effectively disables the query cache. Starting from MariaDB 10.1.7, query_cache_type is automatically set to ON if the server is started with the query_cache_size set to a non-zero (and non-default) value.
Commandline: --query-cache-size=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 1M (>= MariaDB 10.1.7), 0 (<= MariaDB 10.1.6) (although frequently given a default value in some setups)
Valid Values: 0 upwards in units of 1024.

`query_cache_strip_comments`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is default), the server will strip any comments from the query before searching to see if it exists in the query cache. Multiple space, line feeds, tab and other white space characters will also be removed.
Commandline: query-cache-strip-comments
Scope: Session (from MariaDB 5.5.20), Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`query_cache_type`

Description: If set to 0, the query cache is disabled (although a buffer of query_cache_size bytes is still allocated). If set to 1 all SELECT queries will be cached unless SQL_NO_CACHE is specified. If set to 2 (or DEMAND), only queries with the SQL CACHE clause will be cached. Note that if the server is started with the query cache disabled, it cannot be enabled at runtime. Starting from MariaDB 10.1.7, query_cache_type is automatically set to ON if the server is started with the query_cache_size set to a non-zero (and non-default) value.
Commandline: --query-cache-type=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enumeration
Default Value: OFF (>= MariaDB 10.1.7), ON (<= MariaDB 10.1.6)
Valid Values: 0 or OFF, 1 or ON, 2 or DEMAND

`query_cache_wlock_invalidate`

Description: If set to 0, the default, results present in the query cache will be returned even if there's a write lock on the table. If set to 1, the client will first have to wait for the lock to be released.
Commandline: --query-cache-wlock-invalidate
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`query_prealloc_size`

Description: Size in bytes of the persistent buffer for query parsing and execution, allocated on connect and freed on disconnect. Increasing may be useful if complex queries are being run, as this will reduce the need for more memory allocations during query operation. See also query_alloc_block_size.
Commandline: --query-prealloc-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 24576 (from MariaDB 10.1.2) 8192 (before MariaDB 10.1.2)
Range: 1024 to 4294967295 (from MariaDB 10.1.2), 8192 to 4294967295 (before MariaDB 10.1.2)

`rand_seed1`

Description: rand_seed1 and rand_seed2 facilitate replication of the RAND() function. The master passes the value of these to the slaves so that the random number generator is seeded in the same way, and generates the same value, on the slave as on the master. The variable value cannot be viewed.

`rand_seed2`

Description: See rand_seed1.

`range_alloc_block_size`

Description: Size in bytes of blocks allocated during range optimization. The unit size in 1024.
Commandline: --range-alloc-block-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 4096
Range - 32 bit: 4096 to 4294967295

`read_buffer_size`

Description: Each thread performing a sequential scan (for MyISAM, Aria and MERGE tables) allocates a buffer of this size in bytes for each table scanned. Increase if you perform many sequential scans. If not in a multiple of 4KB, will be rounded down to the nearest multiple. Also used in ORDER BY's for caching indexes in a temporary file (not temporary table), for caching results of nested queries, for bulk inserts into partitions, and to determine the memory block size of MEMORY tables.
Commandline: --read-buffer-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 131072
Range: 8200 to 2147479552

`read_only`

Description: When set to 1 (0 is default), no updates are permitted except from users with the SUPER privilege or slave servers updating from a master. The read_only variable is useful for slave servers to ensure no updates are accidentally made outside of what are performed on the master. Inserting rows to log tables, updates to temporary tables and OPTIMIZE or ANALYZE TABLE statements are excluded from this limitation. From MariaDB 5.5, if read_only is set to 1, SET PASSWORD is limited only to users with the SUPER privilege. Attempting to set this variable to 1 will fail if the current session has table locks or transactions pending, while if other sessions hold table locks, the statement will wait until these locks are released before completing. While the attempt to set read_only is waiting, other requests for table locks or transactions will also wait until read_only has been set.
Commandline: --read-only
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF

`read_rnd_buffer_size`

Description: Size in bytes of the buffer used when reading rows from a MyISAM table in sorted order after a key sort. Larger values improve ORDER BY performance, although rather increase the size by SESSION where the need arises to avoid excessive memory use.
Commandline: --read-rnd-buffer-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 262144
Range: 8200 to 2147483647

`rowid_merge_buff_size`

Description: The maximum size in bytes of the memory available to the Rowid-merge strategy. See Non-semi-join subquery optimizations for more information.
Commandline: --rowid-merge-buff-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 8388608
Range: 0 to 2147483647
Introduced: MariaDB 5.3.0

`rpl_recovery_rank`

Description: Unused.
Removed: MariaDB 10.1.2

`safe_show_database`

Description: This variable was removed in MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3, and has been replaced by the more flexible SHOW DATABASES privilege.
Commandline: --safe-show-database (until MySQL 4.1.1)
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Removed: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3

`secure_auth`

Description: Connections will be blocked unless clients use the current password format. Prior to MySQL 4.1 passwords used an old, less secure format.. For the mysql client, the --secure-auth option blocks connections to servers requiring the old format. The server will also fail to start if the privilege tables are in the old, pre-MySQL 4.1 format.
Commandline: --secure-auth
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: ON (>= MariaDB 10.1.7), OFF (<= MariaDB 10.1.6)

`secure_file_priv`

Description: LOAD DATA, SELECT ... INTO and LOAD FILE() will only work with files in the specified path. If not set, the default, the statements will work with any files that can be accessed.
Commandline: --secure-file-priv=path
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: path name
Default Value: None

`session_track_schema`

Description: Whether to track changes to the default schema within the current session.
Commandline: --session-track-schema={0|1}
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: ON
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.2

`session_track_state_change`

Description: Whether to track changes to the session state.
Commandline: --session-track-state-change={0|1}
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.2

`session_track_system_variables`

Description: Comma-separated list of session system variables for which to track changes. By default no variables are tracked. For compatibility with MySQL defaults this variable should be set to "autocommit, character_set_client, character_set_connection, character_set_results, time_zone". The * character tracks all session variables.
Commandline: --session-track-system-variables=value
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: (empty string)
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.2

`session_track_transaction_info`

Description: Track changes to the transaction attributes. OFF to disable; STATE to track just transaction state (Is there an active transaction? Does it have any data? etc.); CHARACTERISTICS to track transaction state and report all statements needed to start a transaction with the same characteristics (isolation level, read only/read write,snapshot - but not any work done / data modified within the transaction).
Commandline: --session-track-transaction-info=value
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enum
Default Value: OFF
Valid Values: OFF, STATE, CHARACTERISTICS
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.2

`shared_memory`

Description: Windows only, determines whether the server permits shared memory connections. See also shared_memory_base_name.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No

`shared_memory_base_name`

Description: Windows only, specifies the name of the shared memory to use for shared memory connection. Mainly used when running more than one instance on the same physical machine. By default the name is MYSQL and is case sensitive. See also shared_memory.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string
Default Value: MYSQL

`skip_external_locking`

Description: If set, external locking for MyISAM tables is disabled.
Commandline: --skip-external-locking
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`skip_name_resolve`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is the default), only IP addresses are used for connections. Host names are not resolved. All host values in the GRANT tables must be IP addresses (or localhost).
Commandline: --skip-name-resolve
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`skip_networking`

Description: If set to 1, (0 is the default), the server does not listen for TCP/IP connections. All interaction with the server by be through socket files (Unix) or named pipes or shared memory (Windows). It's recommended to use this option if only local clients are permitted to connect to the server. Enabling this option also prevents a server from functioning as a replication client.
Commandline: --skip-networking
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`skip_show_database`

Description: If set to 1, (0 is the default), only users with the SHOW DATABASES privilege can use the SHOW DATABASES statement to see all database names.
Commandline: --skip-show-database
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`slow_launch_time`

Description: Time in seconds. If a thread takes longer than this to launch, the slow_launch_threads server status variable is incremented.
Commandline: --slow-launch-time=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 2

`slow_query_log`

Description: If set to 0, the default unless the --slow-query-log option is used, the slow query log is disabled, while if set to 1 (both global and session variables), the slow query log is enabled. MariaDB 10.1 added support for session variables.
Commandline: --slow-query-log
Scope: Global, Session (MariaDB 10.1)
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0
See also: See log_output to see how log files are written. If that variable is set to NONE, no logs will be written even if slow_query_log is set to 1.

`slow_query_log_file`

Description: Name of the slow query log file.
Commandline: --slow-query-log-file=file_name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: file name
Default Value: host_name-slow.log

`socket`

Description: On Unix-like systems, this is the name of the socket file used for local client connections, by default /tmp/mysql.sock, often changed by the distribution, for example /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock. On Windows, this is the name of the named pipe used for local client connections, by default MySQL. On Windows, this is not case-sensitive.
Commandline: --socket=name
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: file name
Default Value: /tmp/mysql.sock (Unix), MySQL (Windows)

`sort_buffer_size`

Description: Each session performing a sort allocates a buffer with this amount of memory. Not specific to any storage engine. If the status variable sort_merge_passes is too high, you may need to look at improving your query indexes, or increasing this. Consider reducing where there are many small sorts, such as OLTP, and increasing where needed by session. 16k is a suggested minimum.
Commandline: --sort-buffer-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: number
Default Value: 2M (2097152) (some distributions increase the default)

`sql_auto_is_null`

Description: If set to 1, the query SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE auto_increment_column IS NULL will return an auto-increment that has just been successfully inserted, the same as the LAST_INSERT_ID() function. Some ODBC programs make use of this IS NULL comparison.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0 (>= MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3), 1 (MariaDB/MySQL <= 5.5.2)

`sql_big_selects`

Description: If set to 0, MariaDB will not perform large SELECTs. See max_join_size for details. If max_join_size is set to anything but DEFAULT, sql_big_selects is automatically set to 0. If sql_big_selects is again set, max_join_size will be ignored.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`sql_big_tables`

Description: A synonym for big_tables.

`sql_buffer_result`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is default), results from SELECT statements are always placed into temporary tables. This can help the server when it takes a long time to send the results to the client by allowing the table locks to be freed early.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`sql_log_off`

Description: If set to 1 (0 is the default), no logging to the general query log is done for the client. Only clients with the SUPER privilege can update this variable.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 0

`sql_log_update`

Description: Removed. Use sql_log_bin instead.
Removed: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5

`sql_low_priority_updates`

Description: Synonym for low_priority_updates, the preferred name.

`sql_max_join_size`

Description: Synonym for max_join_size, the preferred name.

`sql_mode`

Description: Sets the SQL Mode. Multiple modes can be set, separated by a comma.
Commandline: --sql-mode=value[,value[,value...]]
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION (>= MariaDB 10.1.7), (empty string) (<= MariaDB 10.1.6)
Valid Values: See SQL Mode for the full list.

`sql_notes`

Description: If set to 1, the default, warning_count is incremented each time a Note warning is encountered. If set to 0, Note warnings are not recorded. mysqldump has outputs to set this variable to 0 so that no unnecessary increments occur when data is reloaded.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`sql_quote_show_create`

Description: If set to 1, the default, the server will quote identifiers for SHOW CREATE DATABASE, SHOW CREATE TABLE and SHOW CREATE VIEW statements. Quoting is disabled if set to 0. Enable to ensure replications works when identifiers require quoting.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`sql_safe_updates`

Description: If set to 1, UPDATE's and DELETE's need either a key in the WHERE clause, or a LIMIT clause, or else they will aborted. Prevents the common mistake of accidentally deleting or updating every row in a table.
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF (0)

`sql_select_limit`

Description: Maximum number of rows that can be returned from a SELECT query. Default is the maximum number of rows permitted per table by the server, usually 2³²-1 or 2⁶⁴-1. Can be restored to the default value after being changed by assigning it a value of DEFAULT.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0

`sql_warnings`

Description: If set to 1, single-row INSERT's will produce a string containing warning information if a warning occurs.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF (0)

`storage_engine`

Description: See default_storage_engine.
Deprecated: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3

`standard_compliant_cte`

Description: Allow only standard-compliant common table expressions. Prior to version 10.2.4, this variable was named standards_compliant_cte.
Commandline: --standard-compliant-cte={0|1}
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: ON
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.2

`stored_program_cache`

Description: Limit to the number of stored routines held in the stored procedures and stored functions caches. Each time a stored routine is executed, this limit is first checked, and if the number held in the cache exceeds this, that cache is flushed and memory freed.
Commandline: --stored-program-cache=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 256
Range: 256 to 524288
Introduced: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.21

`strict_password_validation`

Description: When password validation plugins are enabled, reject passwords that cannot be validated (passwords specified as a hash). This excludes direct updates to the privilege tables.
Commandline: --strict-password-validation
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: ON
Introduced: MariaDB 10.1.2

`sync_frm`

Description: If set to 1, the default, each time a non-temporary table is created, its .frm definition file is synced to disk. Fractionally slower, but safer in case of a crash.
Commandline: --sync-frm
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: TRUE

`system_time_zone`

Description: Server system time zone, inherited from the machine setting when the server starts. Usually specified by the TZ environment variable, can also be specified by the --timezone option of the mysqld_safe script, or affected by the environment of the account starting the server. Not the same as the time_zone system variable, which is used for client time zones.
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: string

`table_definition_cache`

Description: Number of table definitions that can be cached. Table definitions are taken from the .frm files, and if there are a large number of tables increasing the cache size can speed up table opening. Unlike the table_open_cache, as the table_definition_cache doesn't use file descriptors, and is much smaller.
Commandline: --table-definition-cache=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 400
Range: 400 to 524288

`table_lock_wait_timeout`

Description: Unused, and removed in MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3
Commandline: --table-lock-wait-timeout=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 50
Range: 1 to 1073741824
Removed: MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3

`table_open_cache`

Description: Number of open tables for all threads. See Optimizing table_open_cache for suggestions on optimizing. Increasing table_open_cache increases the number of file descriptors required. Previously called table_cache prior to MySQL 5.1.3
Commandline: --table-open-cache=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 2000 (>= MariaDB 10.1.7), 400 (<= MariaDB 10.1.6)
Range: 1 to 1048576 (1024K) (>= MariaDB 10.1.20), 1 to 524288 (512K) (<= MariaDB 10.1.19)

`table_open_cache_instances`

Description: From MariaDB 10.2.2, specifies the maximum number of table cache instances. This is different to the MySQL version which specifies the number of table cache instances. The MariaDB implementation is more efficient, and always starts with 1 instance, increasing the number up to the maximum when there's contention. Whenever an instance is activated a note is written to error log, for example Detected table cache mutex contention at instance 1: 25% waits. Additional table cache instance activated. Number of instances after activation: 2. The number of instances does not decrease again. The current default value (8) is expected to handle up to 100 CPU cores - beyond this, the setting should be increased. Until MariaDB 10.0.7, this was an unused MySQL 5.6 compatibility option, as MariaDB achieved similar results in a different way (see MDEV-4702).
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 8 (>= MariaDB 10.2.2), 1 (<= MariaDB 10.0.7)
Range:
Introduced: MariaDB 10.2.2 (previously in MariaDB 10.0.4)
Removed: MariaDB 10.0.7, reintroduced MariaDB 10.2.2

`table_type`

Description: Removed and replaced by storage_engine in MariaDB/MySQL 5.5.3. Use default_storage_engine instead.

`thread_cache_size`

Description: Number of threads server caches for re-use. If this limit hasn't been reached, when a client disconnects, its threads are put into the cache, and re-used where possible. These are freed after 5 minutes of idle time. Normally this setting has little effect, as the other aspects of the thread implementation are more important, but increasing it can help servers with high volumes of connections per second so that most can use a cached, rather than a new, thread. The cache miss rate can be calculated as the server status variables threads_created/connections. If the thread pool is active, thread_cache_size is ignored. From MariaDB 10.2.0, the default is automatically set to the smaller of either 256, or the max_connections size.
Commandline: --thread-cache-size=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 0 (<= MariaDB 10.1), Auto (from MariaDB 10.2.0)
Range: 0 to 16384

`thread_concurrency`

Description: Allows applications to give the system a hint about the desired number of threads. Specific to Solaris only, invokes thr_setconcurrency().
Commandline: --thread-concurrency=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 10
Range: 1 to 512

`thread_stack`

Description: Stack size for each thread. If set too small, limits recursion depth of stored procedures and complexity of SQL statements the server can handle in memory. Also affects limits in the crash-me test.
Commandline: --thread-stack=#
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Data Type: numeric
Default Value:
- 297984 (MariaDB 10.2)
- 296960 (MariaDB 10.2.0)
- 295936 (MariaDB 10.1)
- 294912 (<= MariaDB 10.0)
Range: 131072 to 18446744073709551615

`time_format`

Description: Unused.

`time_zone`

Description: The current time zone, used to initialize the time zone for a client when it connects. Set to SYSTEM by default, in which the client uses the system time zone value.
Commandline: --default-time-zone=string
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: string
Default Value: SYSTEM

`timed_mutexes`

Description: Determines whether InnoDB mutexes are timed. OFF, the default, disables mutex timing, while ON enables it. See also SHOW ENGINE for more on mutex statistics. Deprecated in MariaDB 5.5.39, as has no effect anymore.
Commandline: --timed-mutexes
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Deprecated: MariaDB 5.5.39

`timestamp`

Description: Sets the time for the client. This will affect the result returned by the NOW() function, not the SYSDATE() function, unless the server is started with the --sysdate-is-now option, in which case SYSDATE becomes an alias of NOW, and will also be affected. Also used to get the original timestamp when restoring rows from the binary log.
Scope: Session
Dynamic: Yes
Valid Values: timestamp_value (Unix epoch timestamp, not MariaDB timestamp), DEFAULT

`tmp_table_size`

Description: The largest size for temporary tables in memory (not MEMORY tables) although if max_heap_table_size is smaller the lower limit will apply. If a table exceeds the limit, MariaDB converts it to a MyISAM or Aria table. You can see if it's necessary to increase by comparing the status variables Created_tmp_disk_tables and Created_tmp_tables to see how many temporary tables out of the total created needed to be converted to disk. Often complex GROUP BY queries are responsible for exceeding the limit. Defaults may be different on some systems, see for example Differences in MariaDB in Debian.
Commandline: --tmp-table-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: numeric
Default Value: 16777216 (16MB)
Range: 1024 to 4294967295

`tmpdir`

Description: Directory for storing temporary tables and files. Can specify a list (separated by semicolons in Windows, and colons in Unix that will then be used in round-robin fashion. This can be used for load balancing across several disks. Note that if the server is a replication slave, and slave_load_tmpdir, which overrides tmpdir for slave replication, is not set, you should not set tmpdir to a directory that is cleared when the machine restarts, or else replication may fail.
Commandline: --tmpdir=path or -t path
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: directory name/s

`transaction_alloc_block_size`

Description: Size in bytes to increase the memory pool available to each transaction when the available pool is not large enough. See transaction_prealloc_size.
Commandline: --transaction-alloc-block-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: numeric
Default Value: 8192
Range: 1024 to 4294967295
Block Size: 1024

`transaction_prealloc_size`

Description: Initial size of a memory pool available to each transaction for various memory allocations. If the memory pool is not large enough for an allocation, it is increased by transaction_alloc_block_size bytes, and truncated back to transaction_prealloc_size bytes when the transaction is completed. If set large enough to contain all statements in a transaction, extra malloc() calls are avoided.
Commandline: --transaction-prealloc-size=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: numeric
Default Value: 4096
Range: 1024 to 4294967295
Block Size: 1024

`tx_isolation`

Description: The transaction isolation level. See also SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL.
Commandline: --transaction-isolation=name
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: enumeration
Default Value: REPEATABLE-READ
Valid Values: READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE

`tx_read_only`

Description: Default transaction access mode. If set to OFF, the default, access is read/write. If set to ON, access is read-only. The SET TRANSACTION statement can also change the value of this variable. See SET TRANSACTION and START TRANSACTION.
Commandline: --transaction-read-only=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF-READ
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0

`unique_checks`

Description: If set to 1, the default, secondary indexes in InnoDB tables are performed. If set to 0, storage engines can (but are not required to) assume that duplicate keys are not present in input data. Set to 0 to speed up imports of large tables to InnoDB. The storage engine will still issue a duplicate key error if it detects one, even if set to 0.
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`updatable_views_with_limit`

Description: Determines whether view updates can be made with an UPDATE or DELETE statement with a LIMIT clause if the view does not contain all primary or not null unique key columns from the underlying table. 0 prohibits this, while 1 permits it while issuing a warning (the default).
Commandline: --updatable-views-with-limit=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: boolean
Default Value: 1

`use_stat_tables`

Description: Controls the use of engine-independent table statistics.
- never The optimizer will not use data from statistics tables.
- complementary The optimizer uses data from statistics tables if the same kind of data is not provided by the storage engine.
- preferably Prefer the data from statistics tables, if it's not available there, use the data from the storage engine.
Commandline: --use-stat-tables=mode
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: enum
Default Value: never
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0.1

`userstat`

Description: If set to 1, user statistics will be activated.
Commandline: --userstat=1
Scope: Global
Dynamic: Yes
Data Type: boolean
Default Value: OFF
Introduced: MariaDB 5.2.0

`version`

Description: Server version number. It may also include a suffix with configuration or build information. -debug indicates debugging support was enabled on the server, and -log indicates at least one of the binary log, general log or slow query log are enabled, for example 10.0.1-MariaDB-mariadb1precise-log. From MariaDB 10.2.1, this variable can be set at startup in order to fake the server version.
Commandline: -V, --version[=name] (>= MariaDB 10.2.1), --version (<= MariaDB 10.2.0)
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: string

`version_comment`

Description: Value of the COMPILATION_COMMENT option specified by CMake when building MariaDB, for example mariadb.org binary distribution
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: string

`version_compile_machine`

Description: The machine type or architecture MariaDB was built on, for example i686
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: string

`version_compile_os`

Description: Operating system that MariaDB was built on, for example debian-linux-gnu
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: string

`version_malloc_library`

Commandline: No
Description: Version of the used malloc library
Scope: Global
Dynamic: No
Type: string
Introduced: MariaDB 10.0.8

`wait_timeout`

Description: Time in seconds that the server waits for a connection to become active before closing it. The session value is initialized when a thread starts up from either the global value, if the connection is non-interactive, or from the interactive_timeout value, if the connection is interactive.
Commandline: --wait-timeout=#
Scope: Global, Session
Dynamic: Yes
Type: numeric
Default Value: 28800
Range: 1 to 2147483

`warning_count`

Description: Read-only variable indicating the number of warnings, errors and notes resulting from the most recent statement that generated messages. See SHOW WARNINGS for more. Note warnings will only be recorded if sql_notes is true (the default).
Scope: Session
Dynamic: No
Type: numeric

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Server System Variables

Contents

About the Server System Variables

Setting Server System Variables

List of Server System Variables

autocommit

automatic_sp_privileges

back_log

basedir

big_tables

bulk_insert_buffer_size

character_set_client

character_set_connection

character_set_database

character_set_filesystem

character_set_results

character_set_server

character_set_system

character_sets_dir

check_constraint_checks

collation_connection

collation_database

collation_server

completion_type

concurrent_insert

connect_timeout

datadir

date_format

datetime_format

debug

debug_no_thread_alarm

debug_sync

default_regex_flags

default_storage_engine

default_table_type

default_tmp_storage_engine

default_week_format

delay_key_write

delayed_insert_limit

delayed_insert_timeout

delayed_queue_size

div_precision_increment

encrypt_tmp_disk_tables

encrypt_tmp_files

encryption_algorithm

enforce_storage_engine

engine_condition_pushdown

error_count

event_scheduler

expensive_subquery_limit

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

external_user

flush

flush_time

foreign_key_checks

ft_boolean_syntax

ft_max_word_len

ft_min_word_len

ft_query_expansion_limit

ft_stopword_file

general_log

general_log_file

group_concat_max_len

have_compress

have_crypt

have_csv

have_dynamic_loading

have_geometry

have_ndbcluster

have_partitioning

have_profiling

have_query_cache

have_rtree_keys

have_symlink

histogram_size

histogram_type

host_cache_size

hostname

identity

ignore_db_dirs