# JSON Functions - [JSONPath Expressions](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/jsonpath-expressions.md): Understand JSONPath syntax. This guide explains how to use JSONPath to select and extract specific elements, objects, or arrays from JSON documents. - [Differences between JSON\_QUERY and JSON\_VALUE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/differences-between-json_query-and-json_value.md): Learn the difference between JSON\_QUERY and JSON\_VALUE in MariaDB. JSON\_QUERY returns objects or arrays, while JSON\_VALUE extracts scalar values. - [JSON\_ARRAY](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_array.md): Create a JSON array. This function evaluates a list of values and returns a JSON array containing those values. - [JSON\_ARRAY\_APPEND](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_array_append.md): Explore JSON\_ARRAY\_APPEND in MariaDB. This function appends values to the end of specified arrays within a JSON document, returning the modified result. - [JSON\_ARRAY\_INSERT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_array_insert.md): This function inserts values into a JSON document at a specified path, returning the modified document, and supports evaluating multiple path-value pairs sequentially. - [JSON\_ARRAY\_INTERSECT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_array_intersect.md): Available from version 11.2, this function compares two JSON arrays and returns a new array containing only the items present in both. - [JSON\_COMPACT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_compact.md): Learn about the JSON\_COMPACT function in MariaDB. This function removes all unnecessary whitespace from a JSON document, minimizing its size for efficient storage and transmission. - [JSON\_CONTAINS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_contains.md): Check for JSON containment. This function returns 1 if a candidate JSON document is contained within a target JSON document, or 0 otherwise. - [JSON\_CONTAINS\_PATH](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_contains_path.md): Check for a JSON path. This function returns 1 if a specified path exists within a JSON document, or 0 if it does not. - [JSON\_DEPTH](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_depth.md): Discover JSON\_DEPTH in MariaDB. This function returns the maximum depth of a JSON document, assigning a depth of 1 to scalars and empty structures, and higher values for nested data. - [JSON\_DETAILED](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_detailed.md): Explore JSON\_DETAILED in MariaDB. Also known as JSON\_PRETTY, this function formats JSON documents with indentation and newlines to emphasize nested structures for readability. - [JSON\_EQUALS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_equals.md): Discover JSON\_EQUALS in MariaDB. This function checks for equality between two JSON objects, returning 1 if they are equal, 0 if not, handling key order and data types intelligently. - [JSON\_EXISTS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_exists.md): Explore JSON\_EXISTS in MariaDB. This function checks whether a specified JSON document contains an element at a given path, returning 1 for existence and 0 otherwise. - [JSON\_EXTRACT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_extract.md): Complete JSON\_EXTRACT() reference: JSON\_EXTRACT(json\_doc, path\[, path]...) syntax, JSONPath arguments, NULL/error behavior, and multi-match array autowrap. - [JSON\_INSERT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_insert.md): Learn about the JSON\_INSERT function in MariaDB. This function inserts new data into a JSON document without replacing existing values, returning the updated document or NULL. - [JSON\_KEY\_VALUE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_key_value.md): Explore JSON\_KEY\_VALUE in MariaDB. Available from version 11.2, this function extracts key/value pairs from a JSON object, enabling easier data transformation and usage with JSON\_TABLE. - [JSON\_KEYS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_keys.md): Return keys from a JSON object. This function returns the keys from the top-level value of a JSON object as a JSON array. - [JSON\_LENGTH](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_length.md): Return the length of a JSON document. This function returns the length of a JSON document or, if a path is given, the length of the value within the path. - [JSON\_LOOSE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_loose.md): Discover JSON\_LOOSE in MariaDB. This function adds spaces to a JSON document to improve its readability, providing a format that is easier for humans to scan than compact JSON. - [JSON\_MERGE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_merge.md): Merge JSON documents. This function merges two or more JSON documents into a single JSON document, preserving all keys and values. - [JSON\_MERGE\_PATCH](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_merge_patch.md): Learn about JSON\_MERGE\_PATCH in MariaDB. This RFC 7396-compliant function merges JSON documents by overwriting duplicate keys, serving as a modern replacement for the deprecated JSON\_MERGE. - [JSON\_MERGE\_PRESERVE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_merge_preserve.md): Explore JSON\_MERGE\_PRESERVE in MariaDB. This function merges JSON documents while keeping all members, including those with duplicate keys, effectively acting as a synonym for the legacy JSON\_MERGE. - [JSON\_NORMALIZE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_normalize.md): Discover JSON\_NORMALIZE in MariaDB. This function recursively sorts keys and removes spaces from a JSON document, enabling reliable equality comparisons and unique constraints on JSON data. - [JSON\_OBJECT](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_object.md): Create a JSON object. This function evaluates a list of key-value pairs and returns a JSON object containing those pairs. - [JSON\_OBJECT\_FILTER\_KEYS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_object_filter_keys.md): Discover JSON\_OBJECT\_FILTER\_KEYS in MariaDB. Available from version 11.2, this function returns a new JSON object containing only the key-value pairs where the keys match those provided in a specified - [JSON\_OBJECT\_TO\_ARRAY](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_object_to_array.md): Explore JSON\_OBJECT\_TO\_ARRAY in MariaDB. Available from version 11.2, this function converts JSON objects into arrays of key-value pairs, facilitating operations like finding common values when used w - [JSON\_OVERLAPS](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_overlaps.md): Discover JSON\_OVERLAPS in MariaDB. Available from version 10.9, this function compares two JSON documents, returning true if they share at least one common key-value pair, array element, or scalar val - [JSON\_PRETTY](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_pretty.md): Learn about JSON\_PRETTY in MariaDB. This function is an alias for JSON\_DETAILED, serving to format JSON documents in a human-readable way by adding indentation and newlines. - [JSON\_QUERY](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_query.md): Extract a JSON object or array. This function extracts data from a JSON document at a given path, returning a JSON object or array. - [JSON\_QUOTE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_quote.md): Quote a string as a JSON value. This function wraps a string with double quotes and escapes special characters to create a valid JSON string literal. - [JSON\_REMOVE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_remove.md): Remove data from a JSON document. This function removes data from a JSON document at a specified path and returns the result. - [JSON\_REPLACE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_replace.md): Replace values in a JSON document. This function replaces existing values in a JSON document and returns the result. - [JSON\_SCHEMA\_VALID](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_schema_valid.md): Discover JSON\_SCHEMA\_VALID in MariaDB. Available from version 11.1, this function validates a JSON document against a specified JSON Schema (Draft 2020), returning true if valid. - [JSON\_SEARCH](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_search.md): Search for a value in a JSON document. This function returns the path to the given string within a JSON document. - [JSON\_SET](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_set.md): Insert or update data in a JSON document. This function inserts or updates data in a JSON document at a specified path and returns the result. - [JSON\_TABLE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_table.md): Convert JSON data to a relational table. This table function extracts data from a JSON document and returns it as a relational table with columns. - [JSON\_TYPE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_type.md): Return the type of a JSON value. This function returns a string indicating the type of a JSON value (e.g., OBJECT, ARRAY, INTEGER). - [JSON\_UNQUOTE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_unquote.md): Unquote a JSON value. This function removes the quotes from a JSON string and unescapes special characters. - [JSON\_VALID](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_valid.md): Check if a value is valid JSON. This function returns 1 if the argument is a valid JSON document, and 0 otherwise. - [JSON\_VALUE](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json_value.md): Extract a scalar value from a JSON document. This function extracts a value from a JSON document at a given path and returns it as a scalar. - [JSON Validation Function](https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions/json-validation-function.md) --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/special-functions/json-functions.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. 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